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Suture Techniques and Selection
Published in Chih-Chang Chu, J. Anthony von Fraunhofer, Howard P. Greisler, Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices, 2018
S.S. Kang, W. Irvin, J.R. Perez-Sanz, H. P. Greisler
There are two types of staples currently available: permanent staples of stainless steel or titanium and absorbable staples made of a lactide-glycolic polymer absorbed by hydrolysis. Permanent staples are inert and have much less tissue reaction than currently available sutures.70 Absorbable staples can be used at sites where permanent staples may be undesirable, such as in the vaginal cuff closure, cystotomy repair, and bowel segments for urinary conduits. Absorbable clips retain over 50% of their tensile strength at 60 d.71 The details of clips and staples will be given in Chapter 10.
Top challenges to widespread 3D concrete printing (3DCP) adoption – A review
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2023
P.S. Ambily, Senthil Kumar Kaliyavaradhan, Neeraja Rajendran
Counteracting concrete’s poor tensile strength and ductility is another challenge for 3D printing. The problem could be solved by adding steel reinforcement to the concrete. The automatic incorporation of steel reinforcement in 3D printing is not that simple. The embedding and post-tensioning reinforcing bars are manually placed (Khoshnevis et al., 2006; Lim et al., 2011). Architectural design freedom would be limited if 3D printing is done with hollow voids for post-tensioning reinforcement. Attaching a steel extrusion gun to the back of the nozzle, similar to a staple gun, could improve vertical tensile strength.
Processing of metallic fiber hybrid spun yarns for better electrical conductivity
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2019
Amir Shahzad, Abher Rasheed, Zubair Khaliq, Muhammad Bilal Qadir, Muhammad Qamar Khan, Syed Talha Ali Hamdani, Zulfiqar Ali, Ali Afzal, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Shafiq, Ick Soo Kim
In this study, the polyester staple fiber (PSF), viscose staple fiber (VSF) and stainless-steel staple fiber (SSSF) were used. The SSSF used in this study was 316 L grade, Bekinox® VSS 08/060/2000HCR, purchased from Baekert, Belgium. While the PSF was purchased from ICI Pakistan Limited under the trade name of TeryleneTM. VSF was purchased from Lenzing subsidiary PT, South Pacific Viscose (SPV) Plant, Indonesia. The physical parameters of all three fibers are given in Table 1.
Acute physiological and functional effects of repetitive shocks on the hand–arm system: a pilot study on healthy subjects
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Jonathan Witte, Alexandra Corominas, Benjamin Ernst, Uwe Kaulbars, Robert Wendlandt, Hans Lindell, Elke Ochsmann
Occupational health risks from hand–arm vibration (HAV) have been widely studied, identifying symptoms like finger blanching, numbness, pain, peripheral neuropathy, paresthesia, muscle stiffness, impaired proprioceptive acuity and manual dexterity as hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) [1,2]. Additionally, an elevated risk for nerve entrapment syndromes and Dupuytren’s contractures through HAV exposure has been described [1,3] as well as alterations in transcriptional pathways involved in cellular division [4]. In industries like construction, automotive engineering or manufacturing, plumbing, metal or wood processing and forestry, the use of hand-held manual/power tools is very common, including riveting hammers, nail guns, staple guns, hammers, axes, hydraulic impact wrenches and chisels [5]. Alongside the vibration emissions, the typical exposure pattern of these tools is described by the repeated shock-like transmission of mechanical energy into the hand–arm system [6]. In this context, mechanical shocks are characterized as transient waveforms with very short impact time compared to the time interval until the next shock, and high peak acceleration values [6,7] resulting in an approximately triangular-shaped acceleration. While limit values for exposure to continuous HAV are routinely assessed by the frequency weighting outlined by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard No. 5349-1:2001, the transferability of this evaluation and assessment procedure to repeated shocks and high-frequency vibration is under scrutiny, as the time dependency for human responses to this type of exposure is not known to date [8,9]. There is currently no separate risk assessment caused by repeated hand-transmitted shock exposures, which could lead to a serious underestimation of the actual health risks associated with occupational exposure to repetitive shocks [9,10], putting exposed occupational groups at higher risk.