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The Use of Oxygenated Diesel Fuels for Reduction of Particulate Emissions from a Single-Cylinder Indirect Injection Engine
Published in Chunshan Song, Chang S. Hsu, Isao Mochida, Chemistry of Diesel Fuels, 2020
Howard S. Hess, Melissa A. Roan, Sumeet Bhalla, Suchada Butnark, Vlad Zarnescu, André L. Boehman, Peter J.A. Tijm, Francis J. Waller
For each oxygenated diesel fuel blend, several critical fuel properties were evaluated. Each of the oxygenate blends were tested for viscosity, API gravity, cloud point, flash point and heat of combustion, for comparison with premium diesel fuel. Engine performance and emission testing was also completed for each oxygenated fuel blend. Evaluations were performed using a single-cylinder indirect injection (IDI) Yanmar TS-180 diesel utility engine with a continuous rating of 15 HP (11.2 kW) at 2400 rpm, coupled to a Clayton CAM-50 water brake dynamometer. No adjustments were made to the engine operating parameters (e.g., fuel injection timing was not modified). A DAS-8/PGA data acquisition and control board from Keithley Metrabyte were used to log real-time engine speed, torque and power, as well as exhaust, lube oil and coolant temperatures. Particulates were collected using a Sierra Instruments BG-1 Micro-Dilution Test Stand. In addition, a Rupprecht & Patashnick Co. (R&P) Series 5100 Diesel Particulate Measurement System was used to evaluate particulate composition via thermal analysis. Also, gas analysis was completed using a Nicolet Magna 550 FTIR Spectrometer. The equipment setup is shown in Figure 14−1.
A micro-hydro pilot plant for mechanical pumping
Published in Bjørn Honningsvåg, Grethe Holm Midttømme, Kjell Repp, Kjetil Arne Vaskinn, Trond Westeren, Hydropower in the New Millennium, 2020
On the other hand the hydraulic machines can work in the four quadrants, that is as pump, as turbine and as water brake, depending on the rotational direction, the flow-rate and the load. For the pumps to work as turbines they need only to be fed by a water head and to be free to run reversely, being coupled with a mechanical or electric load. The performances are very good, the efficiency is not very lower and sometimes higher than in direct running, while the bep (best efficiency point) head and the flow rate are usually much higher.
Gear Vibration
Published in Stephen P. Radzevich, Dudley's Handbook of Practical Gear Design and Manufacture, 2016
In very critical units, the purchase contract may call for a factory test at full speed and full power. The full-power tests may be made with a dynamometer or water brake to absorb the rated power of the gear unit. Sometimes the full-power test is made with one gear unit loaded against another gear unit.
Use of methanol-gasoline blend: a comparison of SI engine characteristics and lubricant oil condition
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2022
Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik, Muhammad Usman, Rehmat Bashir, Muhammad Sohaib Hanif, Syed Wasim Hassan Zubair
An experimental illustration of the test engine is displayed in Figure 1. Brake torque was recorded using a water brake dynamometer of 7-inch diameter manufactured by Dynomite company with the torque arm linked with it. The data acquisition system was basically a laptop equipped with DYNO-MAX software. The dynamometer was linked with output shaft of engine in order to record torque by varying rpm of an engine as per the SAE J1349 standard. Brake power was then calculated with help of torque and speed range. The tip of REX 1300 was introduced into exhaust duct to record EGT. The physicochemical properties of both fuels, i.e. methanol-gasoline blend (M-6) and gasoline (G-92) with a research octane number (RON) of 92, are given in Table 5. Both G-92 and M-6 were supplied to engine through carburetor with the help of a measuring cylinder. The fuel flow rate was then calculated from the mass of fuel supplied to engine in unit time. The efficiency of the engine was then calculated from the power produced with respect to fuel consumption. EMS-5002 was used to record emissions exhausted from engine. The tip of the exhaust gas analyzer was introduced into exhaust duct in order to monitor HC (ppm), CO (%), and NO (ppm) contents when the readings become stable. The attributes of lubricating oil with oil grade SAE 20 W-40 are mentioned in Table 6. This particular grade lubricant oil was utilized in engine in accordance with the prescription of the engine manufacturer.
A novel analysis of n-butanol–gasoline blends impact on spark ignition engine characteristics and lubricant oil degradation
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Syed Khizar Asrar Hussain, Muhammad Usman, Jamal Umer, Muhammad Farooq, Fahad Noor, Rizwana Anjum
Air from the intake manifold and fuel were mixed in the carburetor and then supplied to the engine cylinder for combustion. All fuels were introduced in the engine through a transparent measuring cylinder to monitor fuel consumption with respect to the time taken. Brake torque was determined from a water brake type dynamometer (manufactured by Dynomite Corporation, United States of America (USA)). Key engine parameters were recorded through a software named DYNO-MAX 2010 as a data acquisition system. Gasoline and butanol used in experimentation were obtained from PSO Oils and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively (see Table 1). Two gasoline–butanol blends were prepared with 6% and 12% butanol by vol. in a magnetic stirrer, as shown in Figure 2. Engine exhaust emissions were determined using a TESTO 350 exhaust gas analyzer. In addition, exhaust temperature was measured through a K-type thermocouple. The recommended engine oil (SAE 20 W-40, Atlas Honda Ltd. Pakistan) by the manufacturer was used for experimentation and its properties are shown in Table 2.
Effect of plastic oil-methanol blends operated on petrol engine performance and exhaust emissions
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021
Kareddula Vijaya Kumar, Ravi Kumar Puli
Experiments were carried out on a three-cylinder 4-stroke water cooled Maruti 800 petrol engine test rig as shown in Figure 2. All the experiments are carried out at a fixed compression ratio of 8.7:1 at 1500 rpm under different load conditions. In the present study, a water brake dynamometer was used to load the test rig. From the principles of conservation, load applied while carrying out experiments was converted into heat which would dissipate to the water circulating in the dynamometer chamber. Test rig is attached with a digital indicator to apply and maintain the constant load on engine by creating a resultant trust in the form of reaction torque at the whirl chamber. The technical specifications of the Maruti 800 petrol engine are as shown in Table 2.