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Chlorinated Solvents and Solvent Stabilizers
Published in Thomas K.G. Mohr, William H. DiGuiseppi, Janet K. Anderson, James W. Hatton, Jeremy Bishop, Barrie Selcoe, William B. Kappleman, Environmental Investigation and Remediation, 2020
In ultrasonic cleaning, the cleaning action of the solvent is supplemented by sonically induced cavitation, which produces intense physical cleaning. Electricity at approximately 20 Hz powers a crystal or magnetic transducer, which expands and contracts with each cycle to generate shock waves in the solvent. Shock waves cause the rapid formation and collapse of low-pressure bubbles throughout the solvent, which creates a vigorous scrubbing action. Ultrasonic cleaning is often utilized in the manufacture of electronic components and printed circuits as part of a cold-cleaning or vapor-degreasing operation. Methyl chloroform is a common ultrasonic cleaning agent (Considine, 1974). Ultrasonic cleaning is especially useful for cleaning metal chips from blind holes or removing small insoluble materials from fine machined surfaces, such as particulate residue from honing operations and some buffing compounds. Ultrasonic cleaning is most efficient in non-agitated liquids at temperatures 25–40 C below the solvent's boiling point (Dow Chemical Company, 1999b).
Applications of High-Intensity Ultrasonics Based on Mechanical Effects
Published in Dale Ensminger, Leonard J. Bond, Ultrasonics, 2011
Dale Ensminger, Leonard J. Bond
Cleansers used most frequently for ultrasonic cleaning include aqueous materials (including household detergents), acidic chemicals, alkaline chemicals, and hydrocarbons. Commonly used solvents and their recommended applications are listed in Table 12.1. Most manufacturers of ultrasonic cleaners have prepared literature on recommended solvents, and these can be obtained upon request. These manufacturers often offer proprietary trade-name formulations of their own for use with specific classes of soils and other classes of materials.
Critical Cleaning of Advanced Lubricants from Surfaces
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
Ronald L. Shubkin, Barbara F. Kanegsberg, Ed Kanegsberg
Ultrasonic cleaning may be employed in combination with either solvent or aqueous cleaning agents. In the case of solvent cleaning, the ultrasonic unit may be built into the boil-up sump of a vapor degreaser. Ultrasonic cavitation and implosion effectively displaces a saturated layer of cleaning agent on the surface of the part being cleaned, thus allowing fresh cleaning agent to come in contact with the contaminant being removed from the surface. An excellent review on the theory and application of ultrasonics for cleaning is available [27].
A comprehensive study on the effect of thermal barrier on diesel engine efficiency
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Ultrasonic Cleaning works by producing sound waves in liquid. The waves consist of high and low pressure fronts. The low pressure fronts are small enough to cause bubbles to form. The high pressure front causes the bubbles to collapse (Vinoth Kanna, Arulprakasajothi, and Eliyas 2019; Modi 2012; Hirsch and Mekari 2011). The expanding and collapsing bubbles loosen contaminants on the part surface and the chemical cleaners either dissolve or segregate the free contaminants. As with sound waves in air, ultrasonic sound waves can be varied by both frequency and amplitude. Higher frequency will produce smaller bubbles and lower frequency will produce large bubbles. Large bubbles will dislodge large particles and smaller bubbles small particles. Industrial systems use either 25 or 40 KHz, which can handle particle size in the range of normal automotive cleaning.