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Published in Splinter Robert, Illustrated Encyclopedia of Applied and Engineering Physics, 2017
[energy, fluid dynamics, general, geophysics, thermodynamics] Device designed to quantify local temperature. The mechanism of action for the determination of the temperature can be thermocouple based, thermo-electric (semiconductor), or linear expansion of a fluid in a confined tube under vacuum. The most well-known thermometers are the mercury and alcohol liquid thermometers and the thermocouple-based probe, next to the thermographic (infrared sensitive) semiconductor sensor used for in-ear thermometry (see Figure T.30).
Fundamentals of Infrared Thermal Imaging
Published in U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer, Artificial Intelligence-Based Infrared Thermal Image Processing and Its Applications, 2023
U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer
Infrared thermography is a non-invasive imaging technique for determining the surface temperature of an item. Thermal imaging has been utilized to assist in the diagnosis of a range of medical conditions involving the locomotor and neuromuscular systems. Thermal imaging was initially used to identify breast cancer in medicine. Thermometry is both a branch of physics dealing with temperature measurement and a science concerned with the manufacture and usage of thermometers.
Experimental approach for early corrosion detection in pipelines using contact thermometry
Published in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, 2022
In one of our previous works, we have reported the development of highly reliable negative temperature coefficient (NTC) chip thermistor probes for contact thermometry [27]. These thermal sensors were used to fabricate a wearable device for estimating breast tumour characteristics [28,29]. The present study investigates the feasibility of these probes in the measurement of surface temperature of pipeline for NDT applications. We have developed a computer aided methodology for the rust detection using thermistor probes. The 2D thermal analysis of the pipe was done by solving heat transfer equation in polar coordinates by using finite element method (FEM) [30]. The presence of rust was confirmed by estimating the thermal conductivity of the rust region using Levenberg–Marquadt (LM) method [31]. The 2D thermal image of the pipe was generated for the better visualisation of the temperature distribution to locate the rust. The numerical analysis, thermal conductivity estimation and 2D thermal image generation were developed in Python platform. The proposed methodology was validated using computational model as well as by laboratory experiments. The presence of rust was identified in both the cases. The promising results obtained in this study indicate that contact thermometry is a potential candidate for NDT of pipelines. This will be a low-cost, simple, and accurate pipeline rust detection system based on thermography.
Simultaneous mapping of buoyancy-induced flow and temperature fields using thermographic PIV
Published in Experimental Heat Transfer, 2022
Vimal Kishor, Atul Belekar, Atul Srivastava, Suneet Singh
Uncertainty analysis of the LIP technique has been carried out in a statistical manner by measuring the temperature in the central region at the outlet of the heated jet (the same temperature data is employed for the temperature calibration purpose). A thermocouple is placed next to the jet outlet (central area of the jet). The uncertainty in the temperature measurement by the thermocouple is estimated to be less than ± 0.1 K for the present range of temperature (298–320 K). Experiments are performed for different temperatures of the heated jet, and the temperature was recorded by the thermocouple at the outlet of the jet. A series of experiments were performed and the temperature at the same location where the thermocouple was placed was obtained using LIP thermometry measurement. A total of 140 samples are taken for each value of the set temperature of the heated jet on different days. The results presented in this paper are steady-state convective profiles. Therefore, to estimate the uncertainties in the temperature data, sample data (shown in Figure 8) of temperature is the averaged value of 10 sample images data and 100 images were recorded for each set.
Is current body temperature measurement practice fit-for-purpose?
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2021
Graham Machin, David Brettle, Susannah Fleming, Rebecca Nutbrown, Rob Simpson, Richard Stevens, Mark Tooley
The devices themselves are not the only source of uncertainty. The measurement site itself also contributes, sometimes significantly, to the final temperature uncertainty achieved, potentially doubling (or even more) the attained uncertainty of body temperature. The gold standard site for temperature measurement is the core and the optimum site is generally regarded as the temperature of pulmonary artery blood [13]. However, because of the invasive nature of that measurement in routine clinical practice core body temperature is inferred from different sites around the body which are; tympanic membrane (ear), forehead (skin), oral, rectal or axilla (underarm). Each site, and indeed each thermometer modality, presents particular challenges for reliable thermometry (e.g., [14,15]).