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Tip Preparation and Instrumentation for Nanoscale Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Published in Allen J. Bard, Michael V. Mirkin, Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, 2022
A 1-cm long, fine, and straight wire of Pt (25-μm diameter, annealed, commercially available) is placed at the center in a 10-cm long, 1-mm outer diameter (OD) with a 0.2-mm inner diameter (ID) borosilicate glass tube sealed at one end with a parafilm. The open end of the tube is connected to a vacuum line. The whole glass tube, including a Pt wire, is placed on the groove of CO2–laser puller (Sutter Instrument, P-2000). To pull a Pt wire and a glass tube together, a pulling force should be exerted on both the glass and Pt wire; thereby a Pt wire should be in contact with the surface of the glass tube. Thus, a stopper is used to continue heating and melting glass tube and seal a Pt wire prior to pulling process. As-pulled Pt tips are prepared by three steps, i.e., stretching, sealing, and pulling steps as below.
Durability and degradation mechanism of E and ECR glass reinforced vinylester resin under acid and alkali conditions
Published in Yasushi Miyano, Albert H. Cardon, Ken L. Reifsnider, Hiroshi Fukuda, Shinji Ogihara, Durability Analysis of Composite Systems 2001, 2020
Y. Fujii, M. Mizoguchi, H. Hamada
The details of the creep test specimen are shown schematically in figure 1. The creep testing machine used in this study was a lever action type. The load on the specimen was varied by changing the dead weight. A glass tube with a rubber stopper was used to hold environmental solution. H2SO4 , and NaOH were used as an environmental solution. It is noted that he reinforcement appeared at the edge of the specimen, so that resin, interface, and glass liber were directly exposed to the acid solution. All specimens were tested at room temperature. The fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Biodiesel
Published in Anand Ramanathan, Babu Dharmalingam, Vinoth Thangarasu, Advances in Clean Energy, 2020
Anand Ramanathan, Babu Dharmalingam, Vinoth Thangarasu
The test was done using a copper corrosion apparatus as the per ASTM D130-12 standard, the instrument is used for determination of corrosiveness to copper for fuel samples. A test tube of 25 mm in diameter and 150 mm in length was taken and the test tube was filled with 30 mL of fuel sample. A polished copper strip of 12.5 mm in width, 1.5 to 3.5 mm in thickness, and 75 mm in length was made to slide inside the sample test tube. The glass tube was closed with a vented stopper and it was placed inside a bath which is maintained at 50°C. After 2 h, the test tubes are withdrawn from the bath and the strips examined as per chart of the ASTM copper strip corrosion standards (ASTM method D 130 / IP 154).
Development of 3-DOF wrist mechanism for electro-hydrostatically driven robot arm
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2020
Ryoya Suzuki, Mitsuo Komagata, Tianyi Ko, Kazuya Murotani, Hiroshi Kaminaga, Mamoru Tatano, Ko Yamamoto, Yoshihiko Nakamura
In order to miniaturize the connection of piping, O-rings are installed in static face seal grooves. Figure 9 shows an external view of 3D CAD model of around flat side face the vane motor. The two flow path ports of the vane motor are arranged in the same plane as shown in the figure. A deairing mechanism is provided near the flow path port so that internal air can be removed during pressurization. The clearances between the vanes and the bottom of the casing, and between the vanes and the casing lid, are adjusted by shim rings of 10 each. As shown in Figure 10, the stopper is fixed by using seal washers from the bottom of the casing and the lid of the casing. Seals are used around the screw holes on the top and bottom surfaces of the stopper and combined with the seal washers to improve sealability. It is expected that this reduces leakage on the upper and lower surfaces of the stopper. The two ceramics disks press the top and bottom of the casing from the outside, which makes the casing highly rigid. The ceramics disks are fastened together with the upper and lower aluminum parts to relieve the stress concentration.
Effects of Ozone Treatment on Microbiological Quality and Physicochemical Properties of Turkey Breast Meat
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2020
Ufuk Gokce Ayranci, Orhan Ozunlu, Haluk Ergezer, Hakan Karaca
Ozone treatments were carried out in a glass chamber modified from a 14 L desiccator. Holes in the lid, plugged with silicone stoppers (47 × 55 × 40 mm bottom dia. × upper dia. × height, Brand GmbH, Wertheim, Germany), served as sampling ports. At the bottom of the stoppers, there were stainless steel hangers for suspending samples. A corona discharge ozone generator (AZ 1001, Kuark Tekozon, Ankara, Turkey) with a production capacity of 10 g h−1 was used for ozone production. An oxygen concentrator (Oxytime 7F-5, Elmaslar Co. Inc., Ankara, Turkey) with a capacity of 5 L min−1 was used to produce high concentration of oxygen to be used as the feed gas for the generator. The purity of the oxygen gas obtained from the concentrator was 91.1 ± 0.7%. The ozone generator was connected to the chamber and the gas flow was adjusted by a flow-meter to 1 L min−1. Once the ozone concentration in the chamber was stable (∼ 1 h after introducing ozone gas), the treatment was started by substituting the stoppers from the chamber lid with those carrying suspended meat samples. At intervals, samples were taken from the lid and the resulting hole was immediately closed with another stopper. The ozonation experiments were conducted at 22.0 ± 0.8°C and 21.6 ± 0.5% RH. The concentration of ozone in the chamber was monitored constantly by passing the chamber exhaust through an ozone monitor (106-H, 2B Technologies, Golden CO, USA, sensitivity: 1.4 × 10−5 kg m−3) and determined as 1 × 10−2 kg m−3. The ozone concentration in the chamber was confirmed by using a gas sampling pump (Kitagawa AP-20, Kawasaki, Japan) and a detection tube (Sensidyne, No 182SA, Clearwater, FL, USA). A photograph of experimental set-up for ozone treatment is shown in Figure 1. The treatment lasted for up to 8 h and samples were withdrawn at 2 h time intervals. Samples from three replicates of each treatment were analyzed at each interval.
‘My whole body is at work’: the silence of gendered body techniques in cork industry in an era of automation
Published in Ergonomics, 2022
Liliana Cunha, Daniel Silva, Mariana Macedo, Marianne Lacomblez
‘There are defects in the stoppers’ head that are the same color cork is and the machines cannot detect those defects. It is like the bug, the machine identifies the bug, it can reject the bug, but then in the following stopper it detects a tiny little hole [cork pores] and rejects it too’ (Ch8).