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Cutting Tools
Published in David A. Stephenson, John S. Agapiou, Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, 2018
David A. Stephenson, John S. Agapiou
A chart of the standard marking system for conventional wheels is shown in Figure 4.94. The maximum stock removal rate depends primarily on the wheel characteristics, work material, and the coolant type (oil or water); variables such as the wheel speed, truing method, and coolant application method also affect wheel capability to a lesser degree. Wheel selection becomes less critical when grinding using a high G-ratio. Some general rules are wet grinding is preferable to dry grinding, especially in heavy stock applications; a coarser grained wheel with a more open structure and a less friable abrasive can be used to increase the MRR; a harder grade with a coarser grain wheel is preferred for soft metals, while a softer grade and a finer grained wheel should be used for hard metals; a finer grain wheel with a denser structure and a less friable abrasive generates smoother finish; and finer wheel dressing results in better surface finish on the workpiece.
Metalworking Fluid Management and Troubleshooting
Published in Jerry P. Byers, Metalworking Fluids, Third Edition, 2018
The severity of the operation will dictate the lubricity requirements of the fluid. The lubricating mechanisms in a metalworking fluid,15 can include hydrodynamic, boundary, and extreme pressure. It is not always necessary to use an oil-containing product to achieve good machining/grinding lubrication characteristics. Stock removal rates, feeds and speeds, together with finish requirements must be considered. Metalworking operations can be divided according to their severity: light duty (surface grinding cast iron), moderate duty (turning, milling steels), heavy duty (centerless grinding, sawing steels), and extremely heavy duty (form and thread grinding, broaching). If a series of operations are to be performed with one fluid, it is necessary to select the fluid based on the most critical operation, because in most cases that will dictate the fluid selection.
An optimization model of make or buy decision and quality improvement of components using rebate
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Cucuk Nur Rosyidi, Namrotul Uela Fatakunul Imamah, Wakhid Ahmad Jauhari
The stock removal is the layer removed from the surface of a work piece in a certain machining process. Stock removal constraint will ensure the machining of final processes at every stage will not exceed the component final tolerance. Equation (30) expresses this constraint.