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Yarns
Published in Michael Hann, Textile Design, 2020
This chapter was concerned with identifying and explaining the main stages in manufacturing the twisted structures known as yarns, using a series of machine types. Initially, with most natural fibres, blending and removal of non-fibrous matter as well as extra-short and entangled fibres are shared objectives. Further to this, the creation of a sliver (an untwisted collection of fibres in rope form) is invariably the intention. After attenuation, the sliver is twisted to produce the desired structure known as a yarn. By the early-twenty-first century, machines common to most fibre-processing systems included: the carding engine, the drawing frame, the comb, the speed (or roving) frame, the spinning frame and the winder. At the same time, the most common spinning system was ring spinning, though it was recognised that if the product range could be extended, it was likely that rotor spinning would take a more dominant position worldwide, as its adoption would eliminate both the speed frame and the winder. In years past, machinery such as ring spinning was focused initially on the requirements of cotton-yarn manufacture, but at first only a coarse product (or count) range was applicable. Both the applicability of the machine to other fibre types as well as the broadening of the count range came about through further technological innovations (a process that appears to be common across all textile innovations). So, it seems likely that this form of innovative attention will be focused in the future on rotor spinning and the extension of its product applicability.
Automated Systems Techniques for On-Line Quality and Production Control in the Manufacture of Textiles
Published in Cornelius Leondes, Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 2019
Stantcho N. Djiev, Luben I. Pavlov
The level of automation is substantially increased if the spinning frames are aggregated with the automated winders. The productivity rates of these two machines are equal, eliminating stops of the process as a whole; thus, the following advantages are achieved: Transportation of full bobbins from the spinning frame to the winder is avoided, as well as the cleaning and arranging of the cops and their transportation back to the spinning frame;Durations of the following preparatory and final operations are reduced: manipulations of the empty cops, placing the roving bobbins in the winder, cleaning the cops, taking off the bobbins, and placing the perns in the winding heads.Yarn damages are avoided due to the elimination of transport operations.
Application of RFID in fiber production and yarn manufacturing
Published in Rajkishore Nayak, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology and Application in Fashion and Textile Supply Chain, 2019
In the spinning industry, yarn is collected on bobbins mounted to spindles of a ring spinning frame. The spindles rotate at very high speed while the yarn is being manufactured. There is a sophisticated driving mechanism to provide the rotational speed to the spindles. At times, the driving mechanism fails to work in the right manner, which leads to eccentric or inappropriate spindle rotation. This in turn leads to poor yarn quality due to non-uniform yarn. As the modern ring frame houses more than 1000 spindles, it is very hard to keep the track of each spindle and uniquely identify the faulty spindle or a group of faulty spindles.
The effect of core-sheath proportion on the characteristics of hollow yarns: part I mechanical properties
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
İlkem Aytaç, Pelin Gürkan Ünal
Producing core yarn on ring spinning frame is either a well-known technique or an old concept. However, when the literature is overviewed, it can be easily seen that most of the studies are related with the properties of fabrics produced with hollow yarns except Merati and Okumura’s works. Merati and Okumura also studied the mechanical behavior of the cotton/polyvinyl alcohol core yarns produced on friction spinning machine before and after washing processes. However, they only used cotton in the sheath of the core yarns’ production. Thus, the main difference of this study from the previous ones is producing core yarns using various fibers such as cotton, viscose, wool and polyester in the sheath and polyvinyl alcohol in the core with different ratios and observing yarn irregularity and tensile properties of the produced yarns before and after removal of PVA from the yarn structure.
Comparison of solo and conventional ring yarns: effects on the compression characteristics of cut-pile carpets
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Akbar Babaeipour, Mohammad Ghane, Hossein Hasani
Two different types of acrylic fibers varying in fiber length were blended together in a traditional semi-worsted system using the standard mill procedures. Blending the acrylic fibers having different length can help to change the fibers length distribution and consequently to decrease the unevenness during drawing process. Specifications of the used acrylic fibers and percent of blend ratio are shown in Table 1. The produced roving (0.9 g/m) was introduced to the 3 over 3 drafting system of a ring spinning frame (ZINSER 451) in order to produce Nm 27-yarn which is used as the carpet pile yarn. Table 2 shows the setting parameters for producing the acrylic spun yarns.
Dynamic analysis of spinning triangle geometry part 2: spinning triangle geometry and yarn quality
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Noman Haleem, Stuart Gordon, Xin Liu, Christopher Hurren, Xungai Wang
Three variables namely yarn twist, diagonal horizontal offsetting and fibre compacting were varied to influence the height, angles and width of the spinning triangle, respectively. Yarn twist was varied in two levels, i.e. 1108 (WT) and 1032 (KT) TPM (Z direction), respectively. The yarn twist range was narrow as per the availability of the ring spinning frame. Diagonal offsetting was varied in three levels, i.e. left offset (LO), right offset (RO) and no offset (NO). The offsetting arrangement was achieved by threading and spinning the yarns through left or right adjacent spindles. Fibre compacting using a Suessen Elite® CompactSet (Suessen, Germany) attachment with variable air suction control was used to assess three levels, i.e. high pressure compacting (HC), low pressure compacting (LC) and no compacting (NC). The low and the high compacting pressures were achieved by varying the air suction level while no compact yarns (NC) were produced in the classical ring spinning arrangement without a compact spinning attachment. A full factorial design of experiment was proposed to vary the spinning triangle geometry based on the nominated variables and their associated levels as shown in Table 1. A total of 18 yarn specimens of 12 tex linear density were produced according to the proposed design of experiment. Yarns were produced from 100% Australian combed cotton rovings (upper half mean length 31.5 mm, 4.5 Micronaire) of 724 tex linear density and 42 TPM twist level. Yarn spinning was carried out at 10,600 rpm spinning speed on an industrial scale Zinser 350 ring frame (Saurer, Switzerland). A spinning ring of 45/42 mm (outside/inside) diameter with a traveller number 36 was used. The temperature and relative humidity in the spinning shed were 25 °C and 55%, respectively.