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Hydraulic Power Deployment
Published in Qin Zhang, Basics of Hydraulic Systems, 2019
Unlike a piston cylinder, a ram cylinder (Figure 4.5) uses a ram as the sole moving element of actuating. As depicted in the figure, the ram is coupled only with the ram cap; therefore, the bore of the cylinder chamber does not need to be finely machined. Such a feature makes fabrication of this type of cylinder easier, especially for those with long barrels. As a single-acting cylinder, this type of cylinder can only perform one direction actuation and requires external forces to complete the traction motion. The output velocity and the actuating force from this type of cylinder can be calculated using the following equations: v=4πd2QF=πd24p
Control systems
Published in W. Bolton, Higher Engineering Science, 2012
Direction valves can be used to control the direction of motion of pistons in cylinders, the displacement of the pistons being used to implement the required actions. Figure 12.27 shows how a valve can be used to control the direction of motion of a piston in a single-acting cylinder, the term single acting cylinder is used for one which is powered by the pressurised fluid being applied to one side of the piston to give motion in one direction, it being returned in the other direction by possibly an internal spring.
Electro, pneumatic and hydraulic systems and devices
Published in Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson, Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson
A single-acting cylinder is one powered by fluid being applied to one side of the piston to give movement of the piston in one direction, it being returned in the other direction by an internal spring or some external force. The other side of the piston is open to the atmosphere.
A simplified prediction method for additional stress on underlying layer of rigid pile-net composite foundation
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Ruiqing Lang, Hao Xiong, Liqiang Sun, Zhou Yadong
Since measurements of the additional stress is difficult in the field tests, model tests were proposed to investigate the distribution of the additional stress. The experimental apparatus consists of three parts: a model tank, a loading system and a data capture system as shown in Figure 7. The model tank (length =1.2 m, width= 1.2 m, and height = 1.2 m) is made of stainless steel. The loading system consists of a three-phase induction motor and a single-acting hydraulic cylinder, which can provide less than 20 t in force and less than 250 mm in displacement. The data capture system consists of more than 20 sensors and a collector. The sensors include displacement dial gages, pull-press sensors for loading pressure and earth pressure cell for additional stress. A static and dynamic stress strain test analysis system is used to collect data.
Mechanical analysis of coiled tubing in the process of hydrate and wax plugs removal in subsea pipelines
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2021
Feng Guan, Feng Wan, Shaohu Liu, Feifan Zhang, Yonghui Liu
However, due to the limited experimental conditions and for the convenience of operation, the real wax and hydrate plug are not used in the experimental simulation. Further researches are needed to study the structural strength and thixotropy with time of plugs. Note that considering the limitation of the inconsistency between the fixed end condition and the actual situation, two other different end support conditions, namely the plunger moving end and the piston moving end, are studied. An end resistance system is designed which can provide different resistance to the end of the steel wire by single acting load oil cylinder to simulate the conditions of plunger and piston end. Figure 4 illustrates the three different end conditions of fixed end, piston moving end and plunger moving end. The piston moving end support, as shown in Figure 4(b), can provide a high stability resistance by continuously injecting hydraulic fluid, whereas the plunger moving end support in Figure 4(c) provides a gradually reduced resistance force with the initial injection of hydraulic fluid which can well stimulate the plug removal process.
Numerical prediction of performance of a low-temperature-differential gamma-type Stirling engine
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2018
Chin-Hsiang Cheng, Quynh-Trang Le, Jhen-Syuan Huang
Cinar and Karabulut [2] proposed a gamma-type Stirling prototype with swept volume of 276 cc. This engine creates maximum power of 128.3 W and maximum torque of 2 Nm as heating temperature reaches 1000 °C and charged pressure equals 5 bar. Constructions and measurements on this model indicate the gamma-type Stirling engine can generate significant power as temperature of heating source is high enough and helium is used as working fluid instead of air. Kongtragool et al. [3–5] introduce twin single-acting-piston and four single-acting-piston gamma-type, low-temperature differential Stirling engines using solar energy as heating source. However, thermal efficiency of these models is less than 1%. Later, Chen et al. [6] used a 3D compressible computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate complex heat transfer behaviors. It reveals that main mechanism of heat transfer in the expansion and compression chambers is impingement meanwhile the temperature distribution is highly non-uniform across engine volume. The 3D CFD analysis has also proven efficient in a study of a 1-kW beta-type Stirling engine performed by Cheng and Chen [7].