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Carbon-efficient scheduling problem of electric rubber-tyred gantry cranes in a container terminal
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2022
Sumin Chen, Qingcheng Zeng
Yard operations are handled by yard cranes. Rubber-tyred gantry cranes (RTGs) are the most popular yard cranes because of their flexibility and productivity. However, since they are driven by diesel fuel, RTGs are among the main sources of CO2 emissions in container terminals. For example, in Ningbo port (China), the fourth largest container port in the world, the RTGs together consume 30,000 tons of diesel fuel every year and contribute to severe air pollution, coming second only to vessel exhaust emissions (World Shipping Council 2018).