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Optimal Cost Engineering Process
Published in Chris Domanski, Cost Engineering, 2020
If a design is optimized to meet or beat the cost target, it is now safe to kick off the production tools. After the parts pass all the functionality and durability tests, a profitable product can be launched into production. Although no further cost optimization activity is needed for this product to meet profitability requirements, it is critical that the activity continues after the start of production. Typically, in a life cycle of a product, there is limited time between production releases of different product generations. For example, in the case of automobiles, new versions of the same car are released every 4 or 5 years; however, there are usually vehicle refresh updates every 2 to 3 years. Recently, with the advancements in CAD (computer-aided design) and CAM (computer-aided manufacturing), the release times for these car updates are shrinking even further. This means that automotive OEMs must find ways to improve value and cost within a shorter period of time. In other industries, like appliances and consumer electronics, the product life cycles can be even shorter and a product might have to be refreshed every few months.
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Published in Phillip A. Laplante, Dictionary of Computer Science, Engineering, and Technology, 2017
refresh refers to the requirement that dynamic RAM chips must have their contents periodically refreshed or restored. Without a periodic refresh, the chip loses its contents. Typical refresh times are in the 5 to 10 millisecond range. See also memory refresh.
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Published in Philip A. Laplante, Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, 2018
refresh or requires a greater stimulus (relative refractory period). refresh refers to the requirement that dynamic RAM chips must have their contents periodically refreshed or restored. Without a periodic refresh, the chip loses its contents. Typical refresh times are in the 5-10 millisecond range. See also memory refresh. refresh cycle (1) a periodically repeated procedure that reads and then writes back the contents of a dynamic memory device. Without this procedure, the contents of dynamic memories will eventually vanish. (2) the period of time taken to "refresh" a portion of a dynamic RAM chip's memory. See also refresh. refresh period the time between the beginnings of two consecutive refresh cycles for dynamic random access memory devices. regeneration the process of returning energy back into a system during a portion of the machine's operating cycle. regeneration loop a water purification system used to maintain proper conditions of the cooling liquid for a power vacuum tube. regenerative braking (1) a method for extracting kinetic energy from the load, converting it back to electricity, and returning it to the supply. Used widely in electric train drives and electric vehicles. (2) in electric vehicles, recapturing electric energy during braking. In regenerative braking, kinetic energy of the vehicle is processed by the electric machine and returned to the energy source. In this scheme, the induction machine works as a generator when it is operated with a negative slip, that is, the synchronous speed is less than the motor speed. Negative slip makes the electromagnetic torque negative during regeneration, inducing voltages and currents. Electromagnetic torque acts on the rotor to oppose the rotor rotation, thereby decelerating the vehicle. See electric vehicle. region growing the grouping of pixels or small regions in an image into larger regions. Region growing is one approach to image segmentation. See dilation, erosion, image segmentation, mathematical morphology. region of absolute convergence the set of complex numbers s for which the magnitude of the Laplace transform integral is finite. The region can be expressed as + < Re(s) < - where + and - denote real parameters that are related to the causal and anticausal components, respectively, of the signal whose Laplace transform is being sought. Re(s) represents the real part of s. region of asymptotic stability attraction. See region of
The impact of rural expressway environments: drivers’ attention allocation to variable message signs
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2023
Nora Reinolsmann, Wael K. M. Alhajyaseen, Qinaat Hussain
The medium-fidelity driving simulator at the Qatar Transportation and Traffic Safety Center (QTTSC) of Qatar University was used to study drivers’ attention while driving in different expressway environments (see Figure 1a). The driving simulator consists of a fixed-base Range Rover cockpit car and three large screens with 135° of the horizontal field of view, a resolution of 5760 × 1080 pixels, and a 60 Hz refresh rate with STISIM Drive® 3 interface. The driving simulator at Qatar University has been validated by Hussain et al. (2019) for speed perception and actual speed among drivers in Qatar. The drivers’ speed choices in the driving simulator used in the present study were comparable to driving in an instrumented vehicle. The driving simulator is capable of collecting 67 different parameters (Almallah et al., 2020; Hussain et al., 2020).
Intra-cell ionic properties of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2019
In order to achieve low-frequency-driving of a TFT-LCD display to reduce driving power, in addition to the requirement of very high VHR of the LC cell, the difference between Vion-PI (t) and Vion-LC (t) shown in Figure 9(a) should be as small as possible within frame-refresh time of the display. In other words, Eion (t) = EPI (t) − ELC (t) should diminish to zero to maintain a constant transmission (or phase retardation) within the frame-refresh time. We are working on fine-tuning the PI-alignment material and LC mixture used in Sample 1 to make a TFT-TN display that can be driven at a refresh rate of 0.1 Hz or lower for low-power consumption.
Online condition monitoring system for rotating machine elements using edge computing
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023
N. D. Pagar, S. S. Gawde, S. B. Sanap
Vibration data (RMS), as well as temperature and current values, are displayed on the dashboard. The FFT graph in the horizontal, vertical, and axial directions are all displayed here. The state of the machine, such as whether it is in acceptable, adequate, or unacceptable condition, is displayed on the dashboard as well. After 20 s have passed, the dashboard will automatically undergo a refresh. If the machine is deemed undesirable, an alert will be sent to the maintenance staff, notifying them of the problem by an automated text message.