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Applications of Natural Fibers–Reinforced Composites (I)
Published in Shishir Sinha, G. L. Devnani, Natural Fiber Composites, 2022
Bumpers are used to protect a vehicle during any collision. They are fixed on the back and forward-facing end of cars. They guard the car parts such as headlights and taillights, hood, fender, exhaust, and chilling system.
Lightweight Thermoset Foams in Automotive Applications
Published in Omar Faruk , Jimi Tjong , Mohini Sain, Lightweight and Sustainable Materials for Automotive Applications, 2017
Numaira Obaid, Mark T. Kortschot, Mohini Sain
The most important function of an automotive bumper is to protect passengers against impacts. During impact with another vehicle, the bumper is subjected to compression over a large area. In this scenario, the bumper must have high compression modulus and strength. Bumpers must also be able to withstand impacts with smaller objects such as a pole, where the deformation is contained to one local area and may penetrate through the bumper. In these situations, it is important to evaluate the flexural and impact strength of the selected polyurethane foam. Since bumpers may be impacted at various strain rates, it is also important to understand how properties such as modulus and strength vary at various strain rates.
Recycling Of Solid Wastes: A History
Published in Norman R. Braton, Cryogenic Recycling and Processing, 1980
A problem which hinders recycling is the lack of thought given at the time of manufacturing. For example, bumpers on automobiles are usually made from a steel alloy plated with a coat of copper which in turn is electroplated with chromium. The steel is functional, the copper is necessary to get the chromium to adhere, and the chromium is solely for customer appeal (cosmetics). Imagine how much simpler the recycling of the automobile bumper would be if it were made from only one material. There are many items being manufactured in a similar manner.
Conceptual design and analysis of a car bumper using finite element method
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Laxmikant G Keni, Vaibhav Singh, Navjoth Singh, Akash Thyagi, Sagar Kalburgi, Chethan K N
In automobiles, a bumper is a component that is placed at the front and rear end of the car. It is designed to withstand and reduce the amount of impact considering the vehicle’s safety systems. However, during high-speed collisions, they fail to reduce the injury caused to the vehicle, but advanced-level bumpers are being designed to mitigate injury to pedestrians hit by cars. The main usage of car bumper is to reduce the impact during a collision. These are installed on the front and rear end of the vehicle which is a highly exposed area during low-speed accidents. It enhances the handling and performance level of the vehicle. The automotive bumper system protects the hood, grill, fuel and exhaust systems, cooling system, and helps in towing capabilities of the vehicle.
Crashworthiness assessment of foam-filled internally strengthened carbon fibre-reinforced composite tubes under axial compression
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2023
Hassan Alshahrani, B. Almeshari, Marwa A. Abd El-baky, Tamer A. Sebaey
Due to their higher specific modulus and strength, fatigue resistance, and light weight compared to traditional materials, fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are in a constant growth state for several applications. One of these applications is the automotive structures. The interest in composite structures in automotive application is justified by the lightweight, that results in lower carbon emission [1]. Energy absorbers are used to absorb the collision energy in a controlled manner in accidents before transferring it to the passenger compartment, which increases passenger safety. Bumper, in automotive applications, is a structure attached to the vehicle at both front and rear end to dissipate the kinetic energy generated by an impact and protect the vehicle components and its occupants. An ideal bumper energy absorbing system should be crash-worthy at both low-speed and high-speed collisions as well as meet the requirement of pedestrian safety. Automobile bumpers typically enclose rigid reinforcement beams, soft energy absorbers, low bumper reinforcements, and energy absorbers that are manufactured separately and then assembled [2]. In aircraft structures, the sensitivity to dynamic loadings from impact, explosive blast or crash makes the understanding of structural energy absorption and implementation of specific energy absorbers an important and critical aspect (a collision with a bird during flight can lead to serious damage to the aircraft). The effect can be severe on both the structural and moving parts (for example, the rotor helicopter blades) [3]. Traditionally, metallic structures have been extensively considered as energy absorbers because of their significant plastic deformation characteristics and capabilities in processing. Nowadays, composites are being widely used in these structures due to their ability to consume the impact energy in different damage mechanisms [4]. When considering survivability, composite laminated materials show the best behaviour and results compared to the other materials that are nowadays used in aviation [3].