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Special Transformers
Published in S.V. Kulkarni, S.A. Khaparde, Transformer Engineering, 2017
Small furnace transformers are naturally cooled with radiators. For large ratings and where there are space restrictions, forced oil cooling with an oil-to-water heat exchanger can be used. The oil pressure is always maintained higher than the water pressure (so that the water does not leak into the oil if a leakage problem develops). The LV terminations may be in the form of U-shaped copper tubes of certain inside and outside diameters so that they can be water cooled from inside. These copper tubes can be cooled by oil as well [26].
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs)
Published in Xianguo Li, Principles of Fuel Cells, 2005
As for other types of fuel cells, PAFCs need to be cooled to dissipate the waste heat generated within the stacks. In general, three different cooling techniques can be used: air cooling, dielectric liquid cooling (synthetic oil cooling), and water cooling.
Experimental comparison and numerical study of flow and heat transfer characteristics of the pipe rows in heat pipe heat exchanger
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Zixiong Zhu, Hanzhong Tao, Yannan Li, Chao Song, Yongqiang Chen
The above research shows that the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe is affected by the heat transfer outside the pipe, but there is a lack of research on the effect of the pipe row effect of the liquid-liquid HPHE on the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe. This effect requires full consideration in the practical application of HPHE. This article presents a parallel rectangular heat pipe heat exchanger (RHPHE) for marine lubricating oil cooling. Through experimental verification and numerical simulation, the study investigates the impact of tube bundle arrangement on the heat transfer efficiency of heat pipes in liquid-liquid heat pipe heat exchangers with double shell-side. Additionally, the local heat transfer characteristics of the heat pipe bundle are analyzed, and heat transfer performance correlations for the condensation and evaporation sections are presented. These findings provide a reference for the design and application of liquid-liquid heat pipe heat exchangers in the future.