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Published in Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk, Petroleum Refining, 2019
Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk
Motor oil is used for the lubrication, cooling, and cleaning of internal combustion engines, and is composed of a lubricant base stock plus additives. Since motor oil must be able to flow at low temperatures, pour point was initially used in specifications, but today, the cold-cranking simulator (ASTM D5293-08) and mini-rotary viscometer (ASTM D3829-02, D4684-08) define Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) classifications. A high flash point is also desirable for safety reasons, and total acid/base number and volatility are additional design properties. (SAE also provides separate ratings for gear, axle, and manual transmission oils.)
Influence of butanol addition on the CI engine performance fuelled with treated waste engine oil
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2021
As a sum up, diesel has been utilised as one of the fuel in the fuel blends. The novelty in this study is that diesel is not used as one of the fuels in the blend. Only treated waste engine oil and butanol from waste vegetables, fruits, and food wastes through recycling. The availability of the waste vegetables is abundant. 23 million tons of food cereals, 12 million tones of fruits, and 21 million tones of vegetables are lost each [link 1] year, with a total estimated value of 240 billion Rupees. Also, the waste engine oil are also abundant which are to be disposed of properly. Recycling and reusing used motor oil is preferable to disposal and can provide great environmental benefits. Recycled used motor [link 2] oil can be re-refined into new oil, processed into fuel oils, and used as raw materials for the petroleum industry.
Recycling of used motor oil as an alternative method for production feedstock for the conversion processes
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2018
H. Izza, S. Ben Abdessalam, M. Bouida, A. Haddad
Used motor oil is a high pollutant material that requires responsible management. This may cause damage to the environment when dumped into the ground or into water streams including sewers. Recycling of such contaminated materials will be beneficial in reducing motor oil costs. In addition, it will have a significant positive impact on the environment (Fox 2007; Bridjanian 2006). The conventional methods of recycling of used motor oil either requires a high technology such as vacuum distillation, solvent extraction or the use of toxic materials such as sulfuric acid [4]. Recycling processes using nontoxic and cost effective materials can be an optimum solution. Acid-clay has been used as a recycling method for used motor oil for a long time. Natural clay, activated and calcinedare used as adsorbent in the treatment of oils (Udonne et al. 2016). Membrane technology is another method for regeneration of used lubricating oils. In this method three types of polymer hollow fiber membranes [polyethersulphone(PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polyacrylonitrile(PAN)] were used for recycling the used motor oils (Yuhe Cao et al. 2009). Solvent extraction has been proposed as an alternate method. Solvent chosen should have maximum solubility for base oil and minimum for additives and carbonaceous matter. Super critical fluids propane and ethane have also been used as extracting solvents giving low yield 72–80% (Rincon, Canizares, and Garcia 2007). Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and 2-propanol and butanol were used as an extracting material for recycling used motor oils. Although the oil resulting from this process is comparable to that produced by the acid-clay method, its cost is high. Expensive solvents and vacuum distillation are required to carry out this method (Eman and Shoaib 2013; Shri et al. 2014).
Evaluation of pilot scale in-vitro and ex-situ hydrocarbon bioremediation potential of two novel indigenous strains of Bacillus vallismortis
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2020
Manisha Basumatary, Suman Das, Madhurjya Gogoi, Indukalpa Das, Dipika Charingia, Debajit Borah
Vehicular growth has been increased in recent times drastically with the advent of urbanization (Vijayalakshmi and Krishna 2019). Motor oil which is popularly known as engine oil is a major component used in automobile engines to run them smoothly. Frequent release of used engine oil during servicing of automobile engines or due to illegal dumping poses a great threat to the local environment as it is less volatile as compared to other form of petroleum fuels and remains in the soil for longer duration of time (USEPA 2015). The severity of petroleum contamination may be well understood by considering the fact that more than 700 tonnes of oil spillage by oil tankers had taken place since the year 1970–2019 in oceans across the globe (Oil Tanker Spill Statistics 2019). Whereas, the biggest oil spill in history took place in the land of Lakeview Gusher, California during 1910–1911 which released 9 million barrels of crude oil and lasted for 18 months (Roser 2013). India witnessed one of the major oil spillages on the coast of Chennai in the year 2017 which caused the release of 251 MT of petroleum oil in the Bay of Bengal (Report pegs Ennore oil spills at 251 tonnes 2017). Very recently, on 27 May of this year a sudden and uncontrolled release of gas occurred from an oil well near Dibru Saikhowa National Park in Assam causing oil spillage in the nearby area (Guha 2020). The major components of such oil are basically cyclic alkanes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), normal and cyclic paraffin, naphthalene, fluorine, benzene, dibenzofuran, dinaphthenebenzene, dibenzanthracene, etc. (Koma et al. 2001). Such components may lead to soil toxicity followed by inhibition of plant growth (Tang et al. 2011). Moreover, cyclic alkanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons are also responsible for eye and skin irritation, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases and may also lead to skin, lung, bladder, and gastrointestinal cancer (Lawal 2017).