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The Variability of Ferrous Foundry Waste Leaching Characteristics and Comparison to Landfill Unsaturated Zone Leachate Quality
Published in John M. Bell, Proceedings of the 43rd Industrial Waste Conference May 10, 11, 12, 1988, 1989
Richard C. Krueger, Robert K. Ham, William C. Boyle
Molding sand is a mixture of silica sand, clay, carbon, and water. Core sand is composed of silica sand with a small amount of chemical binder. Binders are required to bond the sand grains together after curing. Typical binders include vegetable and petroleum oils, sodium silicate, ground corn flour and oil, ground hardwood cellulose, and synthetic binders (e.g., phenol formaldehyde, phenol isocyanate, alkyd isocyanate).
Process Costing
Published in Anoop Desai, Aashi Mital, Production Economics, 2018
Cost of Molding Sand: Core sand is generally more expensive than molding sand. However, in view of the sheer amount of molding sand used in sand casting, the cost of molding sand constitutes the largest element of cost in any sand molding operation. Molding sand can be reclaimed after having been used once. There is some amount of molding sand lost due to factors such as dust, fines, burn-on, etc. This necessitates the addition of a fresh amount of molding sand in order to compensate for the loss. Also, disposal costs for molding sand are high due to environmental concerns. The total cost of molding sand per casting is expressed in Equation 14. TSW = SMW × {1/(1-SML)} × {1/(1-SR)} × {1/(1-FSR)}. wherein: TSW: Total weight of molding sand per casting, expressed in terms of lbsSMW: Weight of sand mold per casting, expressed in lbsSML: Sand mold losses, expressed as a fractionSR: Scrap rate of casting, expressed as a fractionFSR: Finishing and cleaning scrap rate, expressed as a fraction
Geochemical Modifications in a Calcic Cambisol by the Impact of an Old Foundry (Coimbra, Central Portugal)
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2018
M. Margarida L. C. G. Porto Gouveia, M. Manuela Vinha G. Silva, Paula C. S. Carvalho
Foundries were highlighted by the Department of Environment as potentially contaminative land use (McBarron et al., 2004). Metal foundries produce molten metal by melting scrap iron, pig iron, scrap steel and alloy metals in a coke-fired cupola furnace. Molten metal is then cast into molds, with sand molded casting being the most common method. The molding sands are produced by the addition of bentonite clay or organic resins, which act as binding agents. Sand molding consists of forming a cavity with the desired shape in sand, filling the cavity with molten metal, allowing it to cool and solidify, and then releasing the cast by breaking away the sand (Ribeiro, 1989).