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Diesel (compression ignition) engines
Published in Allan Bonnick, Automotive Powertrain Science and Technology, 2020
Basically two methods of injection are used in automotive CI engines: Direct injection, in which the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber.Indirect injection, in which the fuel is injected into a pre-combustion chamber where it is mixed with air, so that combustion takes place as the burning gas enters the main combustion space. This is said to reduce the delay period with a resulting drop in diesel knock.
Engine systems
Published in Tom Denton, Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Systems, 2018
The fuel injectors are fitted into the cylinder head with the nozzle tip projecting into the precombustion (indirect injection) or combustion chamber (direct injection). The injectors for indirect combustion are of a pintle or ‘pintaux’ design (similar to petrol injectors in many ways) and produce a conical spray pattern on injection. The injectors for direct injection (DI) are of a pencil-type multihole design that produces a broad distribution of fuel on injection (Fig. 2.281).
Combustion chambers and processes
Published in M.J. Nunney, Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, 2007
For indirect-injection diesel engines the fuel is sprayed from an essentially single-hole injector nozzle into a divided type of combustion chamber, which is formed partly in the cylinder head and partly by a saucer-shaped (as opposed to a bowl-shaped) depression in the piston head. Divided combustion chambers actually fall into two quite distinct categories: precombustion, and swirl.
Numerical investigation of combustion characteristics of a four-stroke single cylinder CI engine under various turbulence models
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
G. Sugash, Itham Sasi Vardhan Venkat, Mynampati Vijay Reddy, Shaik Riyaz Ali, Jitendra Harsha Sai Krishna
Kongre and Sunnapwar (2010) has described the improved sub-models for combustion analysis indirect injection diesel engine. For modelling turbulence, Renormalisation Group Theory k-ϵ model was used. The sub-models such as droplet collision model and Taylor Analogy Breakup model were used for spray modelling. Paul and Ganesan (2010) investigated the effect of helical, spiral, and helical-spiral combination manifold arrangement on-air motion and turbulence inside the cylinder of a Direct Injection diesel engine. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical analysis of the flow inside an IC Engine is carried out with the general purpose Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes Equations using STAR-CD. The analysis is carried out with structured mesh with various turbulence models for modelling engine cylinder, namely. Realizable k-Epsilon model, standard k-ϵ low Re number model, standard k-ϵ Chen model, RNG k-ϵ model.
Air quality and waste management analysis of used ayurvedic oil in an off-road twin cylinder tractor engine
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2021
Balakumar Ranganathan, Sriram Gopalasamy, Arumugam Shanmugasundaram
An. et al. (2013) investigated the utilisation of WCO and its blends in a multi cylinder turbocharged diesel engine incorporated with the CRDI system. They observed that the BSFC is found to have marginally improved at low speed, partial load conditions and the CO, HC and smoke emissions are drastically minimised for WCO biodiesel as compared to diesel. Masera. and Hossain (2019) investigated the biodiesel mixture of cottonseed and chicken fat in a three-cylinder indirect injection diesel engine at constant speed. They noticed that the BTEs of all the mixed biodiesels (CO60CH40/CO50CH50/CO30CH70) were comparable with that of pure cotton seed oil and pure chicken fat biodiesel and 3.8% increase in NOx emission was reported with CO50CH50 as compared to diesel. Ayatallah and Mostafa (2017) studied E6 Ricardo diesel engine characteristics with the use of WFO biodiesel and its blends. The use of WFO biodiesel resulted in promoting in-cylinder pressure and reduced the heat release rate as compared to diesel. Damodharan. et al. (2019) made an extensive review of the utilisation of waste plastic oil extracted via pyrolysis method as diesel engine fuel. They recommended the use of WPO subjected to validate the long-term durability test of a diesel engine. Rajan et al. (2020) made an attempt to assess the use of waste transformer oil in a diesel engine at different compression ratios. Arumugam et al. (2020) synthesised biodiesel from waste mango seed oil using ultrasound assisted transesterifications and optimised its process parameters.
Combustion of Argemone mexicana biodiesel blends in a constant-volume DICI engine
Published in Biofuels, 2019
Straight vegetable oils, when directly used in CI engines, causes operational and durability problems due to their high viscosity, low volatility and polyunsaturated character. Desirable properties such as low viscosity of the oil are obtainable by a transesterification process which also eliminates operational and durability problems [5].Neat biodiesel fuel and its blend with conventional diesel were investigated in an indirect-injection diesel engine. A significant effect on combustion parameters was noted, as biodiesel fuel contains approximately 11% oxygen [6]. Reduced carbon monoxide and smoke at the cost of increased emissions of oxides of nitrogen are observed using neat and blend fuel. Therefore, biodiesel fuel was recommended for indirect-injection diesel engines.