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Primary Heating and Cooling Systems
Published in Moncef Krarti, Energy Audit of Building Systems, 2020
The performance of a pump depends on the power of the motor and the shape and size of the impeller. A fluid passing through a pump will show an increase in pressure. The pressure produced by the pump is often called the pump head (as in head pressure.) The power, P, supplied to the fluid is estimated using the product of the flow rate and the total head as expressed in Eq. (8.12) for SI unit and Eq. (8.13) for IP unit: P=V˙·Head367·ηpP=GPM·Head3,970·ηp
Fans
Published in Neil Petchers, Combined Heating, Cooling & Power Handbook: Technologies & Applications, 2020
Fans typically include the following components: The impeller is the rotating element that transfers energy to the fluid. Impellers may be referred to as wheels, rotors, or, in certain designs, squirrel cages or propellers.The blades, or vanes, are the principal working surfaces of the impeller.The housing, also referred to as the casing or stator, is the stationary element that guides the air or gas across the impeller.The inlet, which may be referred to as the eye or suction, is the opening through which air enters the fan.The outlet, or discharge, is the opening through which air leaves the fan.Stationary vanes may be used to guide the flow. Vanes before the impeller are referred to as inlet-guide vanes. Vanes after the impeller are referred to as discharge-guide, or straightening, vanes.
Fluid Flow
Published in C. Anandharamakrishnan, S. Padma Ishwarya, Essentials and Applications of Food Engineering, 2019
C. Anandharamakrishnan, S. Padma Ishwarya
Centrifugal pump is the most commonly used kinetic pump. Its working is based on the principle that, centrifugal force increases the fluid pressure. Centrifugal pumps consist of a motor-driven impeller with curved vanes (Figure 4.23). Fluid enters through the suction line at the centre of the rotating impeller. Rotating impeller imparts high rotational movement to the fluid. Due to the centrifugal force, fluid moves to the periphery and leaves tangentially. The velocity of the fluid is decreased in the volute region (space between the vanes and outer casing) due to an increase in the cross-sectional area. With the volute velocity, head of the fluid is converted to pressure head.
A comprehensive review on fault detection and analysis in the pumping system
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Nabanita Dutta, Palanisamy Kaliannan, Shanmugam Paramasivam
The movement of fluid from one location to another is the primary function of the pumping system. A rotating impeller is used in the pump to move the fluid using centrifugal force. Pumps can be categorised in various ways, but according to the working principle, they are categorised into two types: rotodynamic pump and positive displacement pump. Centrifugal pump is primarily referred to under the significant contribution of the rotodynamic pumping system and used in large scale in industrial applications, whereas positive displacement pump is more efficient than a centrifugal pump. Still, it has a minimum flow rate and low-pressure head, so it is frequently not used in large industries (Shankar et al. 2016). Polymer , plastic , lubrication oil, small chemical industries where the demand for the pump is low, only positive displacement pumps are used (Figure 1). Pumps are operated in different applications, and according to operational activities, centrifugal pumps are of two types: single-stage pump and multi-stage pump (Waide and Brunner 2011).
Optimization design for reducing the axial force of a vaned mixed-flow pump
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2020
Di Zhu, Ruofu Xiao, Zhifeng Yao, Wei Yang, Weichao Liu
Vaned mixed-flow pumps are extensively used in agriculture and industry. The fluid in the pump flows into the impeller along the axis, and then into the guide vane in the oblique direction (Bing et al., 2012; Y. Li et al., 2013). The flow has strong asymmetry in the axial direction (Bing et al., 2013). In the impeller, the fluid changes the flow direction, and also exerts a reaction force on the impeller. The hub and shroud of the impeller are surrounded by water, which forms a certain pressure. But the stressed area is different, which makes the pressure on hub and shroud unequal. The axial force acting on the impeller points to the inlet (Du et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2013). Excessive axial force will affect the safe operation of the pump and cause the impeller to move along the axis, or the friction between impeller and fixed parts may cause damage (Liu et al., 2014; Tan et al., 2015). Excessive axial force will also lead to bearing damage, resulting in a series of economic losses. Therefore, the axial force of a vaned mixed-flow pump must be reduced as far as possible.
Resonance risk assessment method on a storage pump’s centrifugal impeller by considering the hydrodynamic damping ratio
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2022
Y. S. Zeng, N. Li, C. Y. Wang, R. F. Xiao, F. J. Wang, Z. F. Yao
The physical model is shown in Figure 1. The fluid domain consists of the inlet chamber, impeller, guide vane, volute casing, and outlet pipe, as shown in Figure 1(a). As for the structure domain, a centrifugal impeller with both hub and shroud is shown in Figure 1 (b). The side gap between the rotating impeller and the side chamber is 3 mm. Fluid fills the gap and is considered in the harmonic response analysis. The material of the impeller is stainless steel, with a density of 7700 kg/m3, Young's modulus of 215 GPa, and Poisson's ratio of 0.3.