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Pressure Vessels
Published in B. Raghu Kumar, Strength of Materials, 2022
In a thick cylinder subjected to internal pressure, the maximum hoop stress occurs on the inner surface and reduces to a minimum value on the outer surface. The intensity of the internal pressure which a cylinder of given thickness can carry is, therefore limited by maximum hoop stress which should not exceed the permissible tensile stress for the material. In order to reduce these stresses two or more cylinders are assembled together by shrink fitting. In case of two cylinders, the outside cylinder has internal diameter slightly less than the external diameter of inner cylinder. The outside cylinder is expanded slightly by heating and assembles the two cylinders. After both cylinders attain room temperature or common temperature, the outside cylinder subjected to tensile stress and inside cylinder subjected to compressive stresses. These stresses are known as shrinkage stresses. When this compound cylinder subjected to internal pressure, tensile hoop stresses will develop, throughout the material. The final stresses are the algebraic sum of shrinkage stresses and stresses due to internal pressure.
Applications to Pipes, Tanks, and Pressure Vessels
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Plates and Shells, 2017
Comments: Inasmuch as the membrane stress is lower in the heads than in the tube, the maximum stress in the spherical ends is always smaller than the value given above. We are led to conclude therefore that the hoop stress, Equation 14.36, is most critical in the design of the vessel.
Construction and Materials Defect
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Mitigation of Gas Pipeline Integrity Problems, 2020
A pipeline with D/t > 20 is known as a thin-wall pipeline. A basic approach is to use the thin-wall hoop stress theory. Since the maximum hoop stress is normally the limiting factor, it is this stress which will be considered.
A global buckling analysis of a pressure vessel associated with connections between main cylinder and flat plate ends
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2020
Tae-Hwan Joung, Hyeuk-Jin Choi, Seong-Guk Lee, Jin-Min Kim, Jae-Hwan Lee, Taek-Chan Oh
Pressure vessel under the exposure of external pressure can be considered a thick one, if the ratios of length, diameter and thickness are defined as L/D < 10 and D/t < 25 (see Figure 4). When designing a thick pressure vessel, the stresses of the pressure vessel such as hoop (circumferential) stress (), axial stress () as well as radial stress () should be closely checked (see Figure 1). In order to predict the collapse of a pressure vessel caused by yield stress, each stress can be calculated and the maximum stress can be estimated by the stress analysis as below (Gere and Timoshenko, 2000).where a refers to an outer radius, b to inner radius, to external pressure and to a radius distance (a value between a and b) as shown Figure 1. Among the above stresses, the hoop stress is the largest value, which occurs at the innermost part of a pressure vessel. Therefore, the maximum stress can be calculated as below (when ).