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Earthquake Resistant Design
Published in B.K. Raghu Prasad, Structural Dynamics in Earthquake and Blast Resistant Design, 2020
This failure mechanism is observed by the formation of hinges. Hinges are formed in a frame model when a node reaches its ultimate strength. Hinges are formed at the end parts of frame elements. These cracks are seen at a distance away from the joint and is the point where hinges are inserted in the frame components during computational analysis. The various types of hinges are axial, shear and flexural hinges. The shear and flexural hinges are assigned in beams as well as in columns as shown in Fig. 7.11. The axial hinges are assigned to a column and struts (modelled in place of walls to simulate its cracks).
What are architectural building systems?
Published in Samuel L. Hurt, Building Systems in Interior Design, 2017
Butt hinges are the most common hinges, and they are used extensively in commercial work and almost exclusively in residential work. The name simply means that the open “barrels” of the hinge butt together when the hinge is assembled. They are rated by size: 2″ × 2″, 3″ × 3″, 3½″ × 3½″, 4″ × 4″, 5″ × 5″, etc.; they are available in standard and ball bearing configurations; and they are available with standard, hospital, and non-removable pins. (A standard pin has a button at the top that holds it in the hinge. A hospital pin has a sloping top on an extra-tall button to minimize dust collection, and a non-removable pin can be removed only with special tools for high security applications.) Ball bearing hinges are far more durable (and usually much quieter), but they are also substantially more costly. The most common materials for hinges are brass (sometimes chrome-plated) and steel (and some stainless steel). Brass is used almost exclusively in residential work, but steel is more common in commercial work (especially if the hinges have ball bearings). Brass is used because the soft metal works better as a bearing surface where the moving parts of the hinges rub together. (Many years ago, high-quality hinges were often made from bronze, a costly but high-quality and very durable alloy of copper and other metals; such hinges are rare today. The author has seen such hinges that were installed in 1876 for very large doors and which operate perfectly today.)
Miscellaneous structures and details
Published in Charles E. Reynolds, James C. Steedman, Anthony J. Threlfall, Reynolds's Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook, 2007
Charles E. Reynolds, James C. Steedman, Anthony J. Threlfall
A hinge is an element that can transmit thrust and transverse force, but permits rotation without restraint. If it is vital for such action to be fully realised, a steel hinge can be provided. Alternatively, hinges that are monolithic with the member can be formed, as indicated at (a) and (b) in Table2.99. The ‘Mesnager’ hinge shown at (a) has been used, for example, in the frames of large bunkers to isolate the container from the substructure, or to provide a hinge at the base of the columns of a hinged frame bridge. The hinge-bars ‘a’ resist the entire horizontal shear force, and the so-called throat of concrete at D must be sufficient to transfer the full compressive force from the upper to the lower part of the member. The hinge-bars should be bound together by links ‘d’, and the main vertical bars ‘e’ should terminate on each side of the slots B and C. It may be advantageous during construction to provide bars extending across the slots, and then cut these bars on completion of the frame. The slots should be filled with a bituminous material, or lead, or a similar separating layer.
Dimensionless design model for biaxial Cartwheel flexure hinges
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2018
Zongxuan Li, Xue Chen, Guang Jin
Traditional hinge allows rotational degree of freedom between connected parts in mechanism. However, the inherent clearance between mating parts causes backlash. In addition, the relative motion in hinge joints causes friction, leading to wear, creep, and increased clearances. A kinematical chain of such joints with motion errors will result in poor accuracy and repeatability (Howell, 2001; Lobontiu, 2003).