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Low-Temperature Combustion Technology on Biodiesel Combustion
Published in Anand Ramanathan, Babu Dharmalingam, Vinoth Thangarasu, Advances in Clean Energy, 2020
Anand Ramanathan, Babu Dharmalingam, Vinoth Thangarasu
Jaichandar and Annamalai (2012) examined the impact of three types of combustion chamber such as shallow depth combustion chamber (SCC), toroidal combustion chamber (TCC), and hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC) for the Pongamia biodiesel blend (B20) combustion. They found BTE increased for TCC compared to the other two types. Emission characteristics like PM, HC, and CO significantly decreased for TCC compared to other combustion chambers. However, NOx emission was slightly increased due to higher swirl motion, which increases the heat release rate and combustion temperature. Isaac et al. investigated the effect of turbulence inducer piston and injection pressure on Adelfa biodiesel blend (A20) combustion. They reported that smoke, CO, and HC emission were decreased due to improvement in the swirling movement, which enhances the premixed combustion. However, premixed combustion significantly enhances the NOx emission due to the increase in combustion rate (Isaac JoshuaRamesh Lalvani et al. 2016). Hence, combustion chamber modification will effectively work when injection pattern modification is adopted for biodiesel combustion.
Experimental evaluation of orange oil biodiesel in compression ignition engine with various bowl geometries
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Dhileepan Sekar, Gnanamoorthi Venkadesan, Karthickeyan Viswanathan
In general, the design of combustion chamber plays an important role in determining the engine characteristics. The design of combustion chamber should contemplate the aspects like volume of bowl, valve positioning, material selection, clearance volume, and so forth. Two bowl geometries were considered for the investigation namely 1. Hemispherical combustion chamber (CBG1) and 2. Toroidal combustion chamber (CBG2). CBG1 was present inherent in the engine and having higher surface area whereas CBG2 was a developed piston and has a lip, which provided better squish inside the combustion chamber. The bowl volume was kept same for CBG2 as that of CBG1 to achieve the same compression ratio during engine operation. Figure 2(a) and 2(b) show the photographic images of various bowl geometries. TCC bowl geometry exhibited better squish movement owing to difference in diameter to depth ratio. Also, TCC experienced better atomization with test fuel samples.
Refuse-derived fuel for diesel engine utilizing waste transformer oil
Published in Biofuels, 2021
T. R. Preethivasani, T. Senthilkumar, M. Chandrasekar
Prasanna Raj Yadav et al. [8] investigated a four-stroke, compression-ignition, constant-speed, vertical, water-cooled, DI single-cylinder engine fueled with WTO after a transesterification process. In this experiment, methanol was used as the alcohol while the alkali catalyst was KOH. With respect to design modification with the combustion bowl geometry, the conventional hemispherical combustion chamber was modified to have piston 1 (shallow depth combustion chamber), piston 2 (toroidal combustion chamber) and piston 3 (hemispherical). It was concluded that the heat release rate varied with variation in the combustion bowl geometry. Also, there were improvements in the performance and emission characteristics when transformer oil was used with different types of bowl geometry compared with those obtained using diesel.
Experimental performance investigation of Partially Stabilized Zirconia coated low heat rejection diesel engine with waste plastic oil as a fuel
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
P. Saravanan, D. Mala, V. Jayaseelan, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar
Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) is having high toughness and retaining the thermal properties remains the same even though at high operating temperatures. Lower in thermal conductivity, high coefficient of expansion, and fine grain sizes of PSZ produced the excellent surface finish and formed the precise and sharp edges. Figure 1 represents the detailed view of the PSZ coated cylinder head and piston bowl. The tetragonal phase of PSZ is more stable and prevents the formation of cracks during high temperature. Therefore, PSZ has been chosen and used as a thermal barrier coating material. The coating is applied to the engine components viz. cylinder head, piston, inlet, and an exhaust valve head, respectively. A thickness of 0.5 mm is coated using the plasma spray coating technique. Before the coating, the components of the engine to be coated using grit blasting to attain the surface roughness (Ra) of the components up to 4 µm. For improving the strength and mechanical properties, the coated surface is cleaned ultrasonically with anhydrous ethylene glycol. The cleaned surfaces are kept in free space for 3 hours duration in ambient condition and smoothly brushed off to avoid the surface damage. The air plasma spray technique employed to spray the coating over the piston, hemispherical combustion chamber, cylinder head, and valve regions, respectively. Figure 2 depicts the SEM image of the PSZ surface after the smooth, cleaned surface. Due to the favorable properties, PSZ is considered in this study and the detailed comparison of properties with respect to PSZ and Fully Stabilized Zirconia (FSZ) are given in Table 3 (Fabris et al. 2019).