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Published in Philip A. Laplante, Comprehensive Dictionary of Electrical Engineering, 2018
fluorescent lamp logic style. In the latter case, the size is only half of the static version, but the information is lost (due to leakage) after some time, needing "refresh" (or storing new data) for proper operation. float switch a switch that is operated by a fluid level in a tank or process channel. floating point characteristic that represents the exponent. part of a number diskette. A floppy disk is a smaller, simpler, and cheaper form of disk storage media, and is also easily removed for transportation. Floquet mode a solution to Maxwell's equations that can be supported by an infinite, periodic structure. Floquet's theorem a basic theorem underlying the theory of wave propagation in periodic structures. flow dependency flow diagram floating-point operations per second (FLOP) a measure of processing speed, as in megaFLOPs or gigaFLOPs. floating-point register a register that holds a value that is interpreted as being in floating-point format. floating-point representation in floating-point notation, a number is represented as a fractional part times a selected base (radix) raised to a power. This is the counterpart of scientific notation used in digital systems. The decimal equivalent of the floating-point value can be written N .n = f × r e where f is the fraction or mantissa and e is a positive or negative integer called the exponent. Contrast with fixed-point representation. floating-point unit a circuit that performs floating point computations, which is generally addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. FLOP See floating-point operations per second. floppy disk a flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic material. Enclosed in a cardboard jacket having an opening where the read/write head comes into contact with the diskette. A hole in the center of the floppy allows a spindle mechanism in the disk drive to position and rotate the See true data dependency.
Automation and Control of a Multi-feedstock Biodiesel Production Plant
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Ilesanmi Daniyan, Lanre Daniyan, Adefemi Adeodu, Felix Ale
A 300 kW electric heater that is thermostatically controlled is fixed into the pretreatment tank, mixing to raise the temperature in each of these tanks. First, at the pre-treatment tank, volatile impurities that can affect the transesterification process are removed through evaporation by heating. Secondly, at the mixing tank, the catalyst is mixed with alcohol and the product; the alcohol–catalyst mixture is discharged from the mixing tank with the aid of the pump alongside the feedstock (used oil) from the pretreatment oil tank into the reactor, where the transesterification process takes place. When the ON button is switched, the reactor will process the raw materials into biodiesel (main product) and glycerol (by product) at a semi-automatic level. Three float switches were fixed into the pre-treatment tank, mixing tank and reactor to indicate the liquid levels (namely level of pretreated oil, alcohol–catalyst mixture and input raw materials respectively) in these tanks. A float switch is a mechanical device that floats on the liquid surface and moves up and down indicating the liquid level. The signal obtained by the float switch is sent to the micro controller to control the pump attached to these tanks. Whenever the thresholds of the liquid levels for these tanks pre-set on the microcontroller are exceeded, the microcontroller simply shut down the pump linked to the respective tank automatically. On the other hand, when the liquid level falls below the thresholds, the pump is activated to feed in the required liquid.