Engine displacement

Engine systems

Published in Tom Denton, Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Systems, 2018

Four-cylinder in-line engines (Fig. 2.42) are commonly used as they provide a good compromise of performance, efficiency and smoothness with optimized individual cylinder displacements where the total engine displacement is in the range of 1–2.5 litres. This range is extremely common for passenger car applications. Another well-established design for this application is the opposed cylinder; less common is the V4 engine.

Framework for fault-tolerant speed tracking control of gasoline engines using the first principle-based engine model

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Journal Information

Published in Journal of Control and Decision, 2022

Raheel Anjum, Ahmed Yar, Ghulam Murtaza, Qadeer Ahmed, Aamer I. Bhatti

FPEM provides net piston force by joining the forces, that are generated by the combustion process, power stroke and pumping losses. Complete FPEM is expressed as follows: where In the above expressions, represents intake manifold pressure, represents throttle coefficient of discharge and represents throttle valve angle. Ambient pressure is represented by , volume and temperature of the intake manifold are represented by , respectively. is the ratio of and , (R) represents the universal gas constant, (D) represents diameter of the throttle, represents engine displacement volume and represents volumetric efficiency. Also, represents engine rotational speed, represents net piston force, represents slider crank mechanism design parameters set and represents net torque. Complete expressions of , and are provided in Appendix 1.

Engine displacement

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Engine systems

Framework for fault-tolerant speed tracking control of gasoline engines using the first principle-based engine model