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HESs for Carbon-Free District Heating and Cooling
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Energy Systems, 2021
Besides small DH, small district cooling is an important technology with multiple benefits. With increased temperatures due to global warming, the demand for cooling gets higher, especially in southern Europe in which the target countries are located. In contrast to energy demanding conventional air conditioners, district cooling is a good and sustainable alternative, especially for larger building complexes. However, experiences and technologies are much less applied than for DH. The CoolHeating includes both heating and cooling. Especially countries in southern Europe with high solar irradiation need both heating and cooling. The combination of small DH and cooling in the same planning step saves cost and efforts, even if some consumers will demand only either heating or cooling. Thereby, also technical synergies are created (piping, the use of heat pumps). Small modular DH/cooling grids have several benefits. They contribute to increase the local economy due to local value chains of local biomass supply. Local employment as well as security of supply are enhanced. The comfort for the connected household is higher: in the basement of the buildings only the heat exchangers are needed and no fuel storage tank or boiler. Furthermore, no fuel purchase has to be organized. Due to all these benefits, the objective of the CoolHeating project is to support the implementation of small modular renewable heating and cooling grids for communities (municipalities and smaller cities) in southeastern Europe [14–26].
Modular Systems for Energy Usage in District Heating
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Modular Systems for Energy Usage Management, 2020
Besides small DH, small district cooling is an important technology with multiple benefits. With increased temperatures due to global warming, the demand for cooling gets higher, especially in southern Europe in which the target countries are located. In contrast to energy demanding conventional air conditioners, district cooling is a good and sustainable alternative, especially for larger building complexes. However, experiences and technologies are much less applied than for DH. The CoolHeating includes both heating and cooling. Especially countries in southern Europe with high solar irradiation need both heating and cooling. The combination of small DH and cooling in the same planning step saves cost and efforts, even if some consumers will demand only either heating or cooling. Thereby, also technical synergies are created (piping, the use of heat pumps). Small modular DH/cooling grids have several benefits. They contribute to increase the local economy due to local value chains of local biomass supply. Local employment as well as security of supply is enhanced. The comfort for the connected household is higher: in the basement of the buildings only the heat exchangers are needed and no fuel storage tank or boiler. Furthermore, no fuel purchase has to be organized. Due to all these benefits, the objective of the CoolHeating project is to support the implementation of small modular renewable heating and cooling grids for communities (municipalities and smaller cities) in southeastern Europe [3, 6, 7].
Energy Conservation and Higher Efficiency
Published in Efstathios E. Michaelides, Energy, the Environment, and Sustainability, 2018
District cooling operates at best when the buildings are close enough for the water of the chiller not to be significantly heated from the ambient air or the ground. For this reason, district cooling works best with larger buildings in high population density areas, such as high-rise buildings, commercial centers, large hotels, and municipal centers. Several districts in city centers of the United States and southern Europe have adopted this concept of cooling with significant energy savings: Eleven large hotels in the downtown district of San Antonio, Texas, use a central highly efficient cooling plant to provide chilled water for their air-conditioning needs. The use of the district cooling in suburban areas, where the building density is low, the distances between buildings are long, and there is significant heat transfer to the chilled water from the environment, does not result in appreciable energy savings, and sometimes may even add to the aggregate energy consumption.
Toward energy-efficient buildings in Oman
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2020
District cooling (DC) delivers chilled water, normally at 10°C, from a central plant via pipe network to buildings. It is mainly used in densely populated areas such as hospitals, schools, airports and offices (Lia, Rezguia, and Zhua 2017). It was reported in (IEA 2014) that the efficiency of district cooling maybe 5–10 times higher compared with traditional power-driven air condition. Although district heating and cooling (DHC) has attracted increased attention recently, however there are still problems to overcome which are related to (i) huge investment for the project, (ii) inefficient operation of the generation units, (iii) system poor delivery quality (Li et al. 2011).
Experimental investigation on energy saving potential for thermally activated buildings integrated with the active cooling system
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Rakesh Chandrashekar, Balaji Kumar
The primary function of the chiller system is to maintain the delivered air temperature of the air handling unit (AHU) system. The return air from the AHU passes through the chiller system. Hence, the supply air temperature gets minimized in AHU. Figure 4 depicts the centralized chiller system networked to the experimentation room. The district cooling system includes a central chiller plant, pumps, valves, and distribution pipework. Chilled water is often generated at the central plant station by dedicated chiller units. The AHU-integrated chiller has auto-sized at 6℃, leaving a chilled water temperature.
Optimal design of a district cooling grid: structure, technology integration, and operation
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2019
Fadi Al-Noaimi, Reem Khir, Mohamed Haouari
Owing to its centralized structure, a district cooling system offers benefits not only to consumers and utility providers, but also to society at large (IDEA 2008). The benefits of district cooling systems are most apparent in areas with high-density thermal demands (ASHRAE 2016). Therefore, there is an established need to coordinate the planning efforts of district cooling system infrastructure with urban planning decisions to achieve a viable and sustainable development (Pol and Schmidt 2016).