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Dissemination of Sustainability and Education
Published in R. Ganesh Narayanan, Jay S. Gunasekera, Sustainable Material Forming and Joining, 2019
R. Ganesh Narayanan, Jay S. Gunasekera
Vapor power cycles: Carnot cycle, Rankine cycle, reheat cycle, regenerative cycle, steam cycles for nuclear power plant; steam generator: boilers; condenser; cooling tower; steam turbine: impulse and reaction stage, degree of reaction, velocity triangle, velocity and pressure compounding, efficiencies, reheat factor, governing, nozzles; heat pump and refrigeration cycles: reversed Carnot cycle, vapor compression and vapor absorption refrigerators, gas cycles, refrigerants and environmental issues; Air-conditioning; reciprocating air compressors; I. C. engines: classification, operating characteristics, air standard cycles—Otto, diesel and dual, real air-fuel engine cycles, fuels and combustion—fuel types, alternate fuels, etc., combustion in S.I. and C.I. engines, conservation of mass in a combustion process, fuel injector and carburetor, ignition, lubrication, heat transfer and cooling; gas power cycles: simple gas turbine cycle, intercooling, reheating, regeneration, closed cycles, combined gas and steam cycles; axial-flow gas turbine; centrifugal and axial-flow compressors; combustion chambers; jet propulsion; rocket propulsion; direct energy conversion: thermionic and thermoelectric converters, photovoltaic generators, fuel cells.
Combining the Pieces
Published in S. Can Gülen, Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Plants, 2019
In 1992, Sir John Horlock published his book on combined cycles in which he laid down the key aspects of governing thermodynamics from both first and second law perspectives. (A reprint edition with corrections and additional material was published in 2002 [27].) Sir Horlock drew heavily upon the pioneering work by Seippel–Bereuter and Elmasri (cited above). The first edition of an important book on combined gas-and-steam turbine combined cycles (by Kehlhofer in 1991, later editions with coauthors) also appeared around the same time [28]. Thus, by 1992 all the pieces, tools and theory, were in place for rapid development in gas-steam turbine combined cycle power plant technology.
Coal industry 1975/76
Published in Israel Berkovitch, Coal on the Switchback, 2017
To improve the use of coal as a fuel for power stations, the NCB has for several years devoted a substantial effort to combustion in a so-called fluidised bed – where the coal in fine particles burns on a hot bed of ash kept in continuous agitation by air blown through it, so that it behaves as a virtual liquid. Burning the coal in this way in a steam-raising boiler is calculated to be very much cheaper than existing methods and to give advantages in availability, flexibility towards fuels, atmospheric pollution control, and the possibility of improving thermal efficiency by using it with combined gas and steam turbine power plants. One early application in Britain will be in burning wastes of low calorific value, such as some colliery spoil, for raising steam. The fluidised bed can also be made to ‘fix’ sulphur and nitrogen oxides, which proved to be of great interest to American organisations troubled by difficulties in working within their clean air legislation. This project has attracted attention from the National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC) and the British Overseas Trade Board (BOTB) and other government departments for its overseas market prospects. Fully proving the system meant building a larger demonstration and experimental facility to resolve some key engineering uncertainties, and enable Britain to exploit its current lead in an engineering field that could have substantial international significance. After much lobbying, it was announced in mid-1976 that the International Energy Agency, Coal Technology Group, had approved construction of an 85 MW. plant at Grimethorpe Colliery. It is also US interest in power generating and displacing oil or natural gas that is at the root of the work on producing a gas of low calorific value (known as the ‘low Btu gas’).
Performance improvement of axial compressor by introduction of circumferential grooves
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Naseem Ahmad, Qun Zheng, Hamza Fawzy, Bin Jiang, Salman Abdu Ahmed
The impact of CGCT on an axial flow single-stage transonic compressor for tip flow has been investigated numerically and experimentally by Muller et al. (2008). According to them. shock vortex and TLV interaction are changed with the installation of CGCT. The trajectory of the vortex keeps conjunction on the suction of the rotor blade, which delays the rotating stall. Hembera et al. (2008) worked numerically on the subsonic compressor stage to investigate different configurations with five circumferential grooves. The results demonstrated that the grooves mostly control the flow at the front part of the blade and no further pressure gradient is observed at the rear part of the blade and the grooves behave like a hole for the main flow which is perpendicular to the grove front side. Legras, Gourdain, and Trebinjac (2010) worked numerically to find the impact of CGCT on the TLV and vorticial structures. The results showed that TLV expansion is limited by CGCT. Also, a secondary TLV at mid-distance between LE and TE of the grooves is developed. The grooves substantially minimized pressure difference through the tip gap. Atmaca (2010) worked on a combined gas and steam turbine and reported that the adiabatic temperature ratio increased the performance of the turbine. The enhancement of aerodynamic performance with casing treatment using LES is studied by Taghavi-Zenouz and Eslami (2013). They concluded that the nature of TLF is oscillatory which is produced on blade leading edge and increases the tip clearance size increased the vortex strength at every flow coefficient.
Performance evaluation of a combined cycle power plant integrated with organic Rankine cycle and absorption refrigeration system
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
I.H. Njoku, C.O.C. Oko, J.C. Ofodu
The attached ORC and ARC units are powered with the flue gas exhaust heat from the CCPP. The evaluation was conducted by performing the energy, exergy and environmental sustainability index analysis of the integrated system and its components. Based on the operating data of an existing combined cycle power plant operating in the tropical rain forest region of Nigeria, the results of the analysis showed that by utilizing the flue gas waste heat of the combined gas- and steam- turbine cycle power plant to power an ORC unit, using R113 as the working fluid, extra 7.5 MW of electricity was generated and by further powering an absorption refrigeration system to cool the inlet air streams to 15°C in the gas turbine plants, additional 51.1 MW of electricity was generated. The overall effect of integrating the ORC and absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC) to the CCPP showed that the net power output of the integrated power plant (GTC + STC + ORC + ARC) was increased by 9.1%, thermal and exergy efficiencies by 8.7 and 8.8%, respectively, while the total exergy destruction rate and specific fuel consumption reduced by 13.3 and 8.4% respectively. Sustainability index increased by 8.4% which means that integrated plant has greater environmental sustainability potential over the combined cycle plant.
Gas turbine performance enhancement for naval ship propulsion using wave rotors
Published in Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 2022
Haglind (2008a, 2008b) underlines that the aim of combining different propulsion configurations for large ships is the optimisation of system design in order to minimise fuel consumption and maximise operating flexibility and reliability. The ‘Combined Gas and Steam Turbine’ (COGAS) where the shafts of the turbines drive directly the propeller constitutes one type of configuration, whereas the ‘Combined Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine integrated Electric Generator’ (COGES) is another possible configuration.