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Product Service Systems Innovation and Design
Published in Shatha N. Samman, Human Factors and Ergonomics for the Gulf Cooperation Council, 2018
Girish Prabhu, Beena Prabhu, Atul Saraf
The AutoRaja service, conceptualized by the authors for auto-rickshaw drivers in India, is an example of usage of this framework. An auto-rickshaw is a three-wheeled indigenously manufactured vehicle and is a common form of urban transport in many countries around the world for private and hire uses. With our own understanding of this ecosystem (see Figure 6.5) and inspirations from other cooperative business models (Sapovadia and Patel, 2013), the team conceptualized multiple ideas and what-if scenarios, as schematized in Figure 6.6, which could possibly create a win-win solution for both consumers and auto-rickshaw drivers.
Factors explaining pedestrian-involved fatality crashes on National Highways in India
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Hasan Mehdi Naqvi, Geetam Tiwari
Based on the literature review and fatal pedestrian crash data analysis, the variables along with its attributes are examined and presented in Table 5 for developing fatal pedestrian crash models separately for the studied NHs, namely two-, four- and six-lane NH and using combined fatal crash data for three NHs. The dependent variable for the models is the fatal pedestrian crash, i.e., ‘Yes’-fatal pedestrian crash and ‘No’-fatal non-pedestrian crash. Total seven explanatory variables have been examined for this study. These predictors cover the characteristics of crash, victims, road elements, and temporal. Crash characteristics include ‘striking vehicle’ and ‘crash location’. The predictor ‘striking vehicle’ represents a vehicle which strikes or impacts or collides the other vehicle(s) or hits the pedestrian(s)/fixed object/overturned/rollover, and is divided into eight categories, namely truck, bus, car, three-wheeler auto-rickshaw/tempo-passenger, motorcycle, tractor, single vehicle crash, e.g. roll-over, hit fixed object, and so on, and unknown. These vehicles are described in Section 3.1.4. Victim characteristic includes gender or sex, and is divided into male and female. Road element includes ‘number of lanes’, namely two-, four- and six-lane; ‘crash location’, namely three-leg junction say jn, four- or multi-leg junction, midblock, and village road joins NH.