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Thermal Modeling and Management for 3D Stacked Systems
Published in Aida Todri-Sanial, Chuan Seng Tan, Krzysztof Iniewski, Physical Design for 3D Integrated Circuits, 2017
Tiansheng Zhang, Fulya Kaplan, Ayse K. Coskun
Active cooling refers to the techniques which require powered devices to remove heat from a computing system. These techniques include forced air cooling with fans, thermoelectric cooling, and liquid cooling through microchannels. Thermoelectric coolers use the Peltier effect for heat transfer such that when current passes through the device, heat is absorbed at one junction and rejected at the other, acting like a heat pump [18]. Liquid cooling with microchannels is a promising solution especially for 3D-stacked architectures, due to higher heat removal capability of liquids in comparison to air. Liquid cooling is performed by attaching a cold plate with built-in microchannels, and/or by fabricating microchannels between the layers of the 3D chip. A pump is then used to pump a coolant fluid (i.e., water or other fluid) through the microchannels to remove heat.
Electric Power Generation: Photovoltaics
Published in William C. Dickinson, Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Solar Energy Technology Handbook, 2018
Aaron Kirpich G.O′ Brien, N. SHepard
Cooling is an important aspect of concentrator design. Passive cooling systems usually involve removal of heat by conduction and convection to surrounding air through finned surfaces. This approach to cooling is most reliable, although it may involve a considerable quantity of metal to achieve effective heat transfer. The heat transfer surfaces may themselves block a significant portion of the incoming light. Active cooling systems employ a circulating fluid for heat removal. The inventory of metal is substantially reduced, although at the expense of complexity and unreliability. In contrast with passive systems, active systems require an active means for misaligning the concentrator with the sun’s rays should there be an interruption in coolant flow.
Introduction to Electronic Cooling
Published in Mathew V. K., Tapano Kumar Hotta, Hybrid Genetic Optimization for IC Chips Thermal Control, 2022
Mathew V. K., Tapano Kumar Hotta
Mechanically assisted cooling systems provide active cooling, as they require external energy for dissipating the heat from the electronic components and need a fan or blower for the cooling of these components. They offer high cooling capacity and allow the temperature control of the electronic components with the possibility of achieving it below the ambient temperature. The sub-types available under the active cooling techniques are forced convection cooling using air, jet impingement cooling, spray cooling, refrigeration cooling, liquid cooling, etc.
Microencapsulated PCM in the cement brick cavity: analysis of melting and solidification behaviour
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and associated global warming are the primary concern of environmental scientists today. Nearly 40% of global GHG emissions are attributed to the construction industry (Sartori et al. 2021). In addition to emissions, the building sector utilises a lot of energy, accounting for nearly 36% of global energy consumption (GSR 2021). A detailed analysis of building energy consumption patterns revealed that space conditioning and ventilation accounted for roughly half of all energy consumption (Goldanlou, Kalbasi, and Afrand 2020). Active cooling techniques can effectively replace passive cooling methods, reducing energy use and increasing thermal comfort (Piselli et al. 2020 and Zhou and Eames 2019). With passive techniques, load – demand mismatch is a major issue that can be overcome with energy storage techniques (Deng, Wang, and Dai 2014). In comparison to all other energy storage methods, the thermal energy storage (TES) method using latent heat storage is gaining popularity. Because of their high potential for reducing heating and cooling energy consumption, phase change materials (PCMs) are commonly used for TES in buildings (Mukram and Daniel 2022).
Computational investigations of battery thermal management system with environmental effects employing a combination of phase change materials and forced air cooling
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2022
R. Pradeep, T. Venugopal, R. Sivakumar
(Sabbah et al. 2008) Passive cooling utilizes natural conduction, convection, and radiation to cool a component. Active cooling requires the use of energy specifically dedicated to cooling the component. Active cooling systems are stronger than passive cooling systems in terms of reducing temperature. Passive cooling takes advantage of natural cooling, which takes longer to cool for a longerperiod of time but does not require much energy for its activity. Because of its efficiency in decreasing temperature in a limited amount of time, most individuals prefer the use of active cooling systems in hot or tropical climates over passive cooling. Compared to passive cooling, the problems of active cooling are primarily the financial costs and consumption of energy. It makes it much less energy efficient as well as less cost-effective because of the heavy energy demand of active cooling.
Recent advancement on thermal management strategies in PEM fuel cell stack: a technical assessment from the context of fuel cell electric vehicle application
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Dinesh Kumar Madheswaran, Arunkumar Jayakumar, Edwin Geo Varuvel
The PEMFC cooling is not only intended to reduce the system temperature but to maintain the homogeneous temperature within the stack (Zhang et al. 2016). The cooling technique of PEMFC is either active or passive. In passive cooling, heat dissipation is achieved through natural convection, radiation and conduction, which do not require any external device. Passive cooling is simple to execute, has high energy conversion efficiency and minimal noise. Nevertheless, it has low cooling efficiency compared to active cooling and is used for small stacks (Yan et al. 2021). Active cooling is effective than passive cooling, generally uses an external device namely a fan/blower, to transfer heat (Zhu et al. 2019).