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Introduction
Published in D.S. Sofronov, K.N. Belikov, M. Rucki, S.N. Lavrynenko, Z. Siemiątkowski, E. Yu. Bryleva, O.M. Odnovolova, Synthetic Sorbent Materials Based on Metal Sulphides and Oxides, 2020
D.S. Sofronov, K.N. Belikov, M. Rucki, S.N. Lavrynenko, Z. Siemiątkowski, E. Yu. Bryleva, O.M. Odnovolova
Zinc sulfide finds its applications in optics, electronics, laser technologies, solar energy solutions, etc. Zinc sulfide, with addition of small amounts of suitable activator, is used as phosphor in many areas (Bower et al. 2002). For example, when silver is added, the emitted color is bright blue, whereas manganese yields in orange-red color and copper provides greenish color. Electroluminescent materials based on ZnS perform high brightness and are used as flat vacuum-free light sources in panels, scoreboards, or screens for fluoroscopy (Mateleshko et al. 2004). Zinc sulfide is also used as an infrared optical material, planar or shaped into a lens (Gupta and Gupta 2016). Zinc sulfide–based scintillators have the largest light output per event in the family of imaging scintillators used so far in fast neutron radiography (Wu et al. 2013). Apart from widely known optical properties, ZnS nanocrystals were reported to serve as a sorbent for Cu(II) removal from water (Xu et al. 2016),
Physical Properties of Crystalline Infrared Optical Materials
Published in Paul Klocek, Handbook of Infrared Optical Materials, 2017
James Steve Browder, Stanley S. Ballard, Paul Klocek
Notes: Zinc sulfide occurs in a zincblende (cubic) structure (beta) called sphalerite and a wurtzite (hexagonal) structure (alpha). Natural crystal zinc sulfide occurs in the cubic (beta) form, and this form can also be produced by chemical vapor deposition. Alpha zinc sulfide is optically anisotropic. Zinc sulfide has applications as a multilayer film material in the visible spectral range.
Antireflection Coatings
Published in H. Angus Macleod, Thin-Film Optical Filters, 2017
Zinc sulfide has an index of around 2.2 at 2 µm and 2.15 at 15 µm. It has sufficient transparency for use as a quarter-wave antireflection coating over the range of 0.4–25 µm. Germanium, silicon, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, and indium antimonide can all be treated satisfactorily by a single layer of zinc sulfide. The procedure to be followed for hard, rugged zinc sulfide films is described in a paper by Cox and Hass [1]. The substrate should be maintained at around 150°C during coating and cleaned by a glow discharge immediately before coating. The transmittance of a germanium plate with a single-layer zinc sulfide antireflection coating is shown in Figure 4.5.
High sensitive UV photodetector based on ZnS/PS thin film prepared via spray pyrolysis method
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Natheer A. Algadri, Ahmad M. Al-Diabat, Naser M. Ahmed
Being one of the most significant materials of the II–VI group, zinc sulfide has a direct wide-band gap (~3.65 eV) (Zaware and Wagh 2014). It is used in various applications such as gas sensors, thermistor and photodetector (Bae et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2012), photovoltaic cells, infrared windows, light-emitting diodes (Peng et al. 2011; Song et al. 2018), and photoluminescent and electroluminescent devices (Bosco, Tajdar, and Atwater 2012). A lot of methods are adopted to prepare ZnS thin films such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) (Yang, Li, and Zeng 2019), pulsed-laser deposition (PLD), thermal evaporation (Vishwakarma 2015), metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) (Yoon and Choi 2013), and chemical bath deposition (CBD) (González-Chan et al. 2021). Most techniques depended on either the deposition facilities or the toxic gases (e.g., H2S).
Identification of a novel strain of fungus Kalmusia italica from untouched marine soil and its heavy metal tolerance activity
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2021
S. Sumathi, V. Priyanka, V. Krishnapriya, K. Suganya
Zinc is among the most common elements in the earth’s crust. Zinc can be present in dust, soil, and water and is found in all foods. Zinc is a gleaming bluish-white product. Metallic zinc has several industrial applications. Zinc is widely used for coating steel and iron and other metals to avoid rust and corrosion; this method is called galvanization (Gul and Nasreen 2018). Additionally, metallic zinc and other metals are mixed to form alloys such as brass and bronze. Zinc also can react with other elements, such as chlorine, oxygen, and sulfur, to form zinc compounds. Hazardous waste site zinc contaminants contain zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, and zinc sulfide. The bulk of the zinc ores present in the world naturally are in the form of zinc sulfide. Zinc compositions are commonly used in industrial applications. Nickel is a metal, belonging to the periodic table group VIIIB. Nickel in its chemical properties resembles iron, cobalt, and copper. Nickel (Ni) is also used in stainless steel, metal alloys, currency, electroplating, and battery manufacturing. The most common skin sensitizer is nickel, which affects large proportions of women, men, and children. Nickel allergy is significantly more prevalent among girls and women compared to men and boys. Nickel penetration in various consumer products leads to nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis on exposed parts of the body, including the hands (Plum, Rink, and Haase 2010).
Influence of stabilizers on the structure and properties of Cd x Zn1– x S nanoparticles by sonochemical method
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Lаla Gahramanli, Mustafa Muradov, Ákos Kukovecz, Ofeliya Balayeva, Goncha Eyvazova
Recently, synthesis and characterization of II-VI group materials in nanoscale have been broad interest. The optic and electric properties of these materials are very interesting and promising material due to associate with quantum measurement effects in comparison with their bulk materials.[1,2] Because II-VI groups materials can be used as a promising material due to wide band gap value for apply many field of industry such as solar cells, photo detectors, optoelectronic devices and lasers.[3] Zinc sulfide is important semiconductor with band gap of 3.6 eV and has potential application areas like flat-panel displays, electroluminescence devices, quantum devices, multilayer dielectric filters, and solar cells.[3–5] Cadmium sulfide (CdS) has a direct band gap is 2.42 eV and used detecting visible radiation. Also, it is used as window material for heterojunction solar cells to avoid the recombination of photogenerated carriers which improves the efficiency of solar cell.[6] As well as, it have potential application fields in light emitting diodes,[6] photo detectors,[7] sensors,[8] address decoders,[9] and electrically driven lasers.[10]