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Interaction Mechanisms Between Biochar and Herbicides
Published in Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Interactions of Biochar and Herbicides in the Environment, 2022
Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa, Matheus Bortolanza Soares, Felipe Hipólito dos Santos, Camille Nunes Leite, Kassio Ferreira Mendes
On the other hand, the physical–chemical properties of herbicides also strongly interfere in the interaction of these products with biochars. It is known that herbicides can be applied in PRE- and POST-emergence of weeds and crops, and when they are applied in PRE directly on the soil surface, such as very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) inhibitors, microtubules, photosystem II (PSII), among other modes of action, they can interact with biochars and reduce control efficiency and be an effective remediation tool. However, it is important to point out that these interactions are governed according to the ionization (acids or bases, measured by the acid/base ionization constant – pKa/pKb) or non-ionization (neutral) of herbicides, in addition to other properties, such as water solubility (Sw), sorption coefficient (Kd) and octanol–water coefficient (Kow). However, the remediation of herbicides in the soil is also common to the products applied in the POST, because residues of these herbicides reach the soil and can cause contamination, especially to crops in rotation/succession, a process known as carryover.
Microalgae as promising source for integrated wastewater treatment and biodiesel production
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Soufiane Fal, Redouane Benhima, Najib El Mernissi, Yassin Kasmi, Abdelaziz Smouni, Hicham El Arroussi
To our knowledge, we noted for the first time in microalgae, the appearance of a very long chain fatty acid (melissic or tricantanoic acid) C30:0. We recorded 0.46% of C30:0 in Aphanothece sp. cultivated in BG11, 0.68%-0.26% in S. obliquus cultivated in BG11 and WW media respectively and 0.41%-0.26% in S. dimorphus in BG11 and WW media respectively. This melissic acid has important industrial significance application as surfactant, emulsifier and additive of industrial bitumen (Barreto and Gonzalez Leon 2014). Indeed, it’s used as additive for the formation of several new cyclodextrin structures which may be used as polymer compounds like soaps or detergents, plasticizers for various resins (Stanley et al. 1971). It can be used also to enhance nutritional value and clinical application (Shukla et al. 2018).