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Atomic and Molecular Origins of Color
Published in Mary Anne White, Physical Properties of Materials, 2018
Thermochromic materials change color with temperature. Many commercially available thermochromic mixtures are composed of a mixture: A dye that can change color depending on its surroundings, and a developer, and a solvent. The solvent is the main component by mass, and when it melts, the developer can interact in a different way than in the solid state. If the developer interacts preferentially with the dye, then the material is colored. If the developer interacts preferentially with the solvent, then there is no color. The color change can be reversible or irreversible. The former mechanism is used to make toner or ink that can be erased by heating. A typical dye is crystal violet lactone, which goes from a spirolactam ring-closed form (uncolored) to a ring-open zwitterionic form (intensely blue), where the latter is stabilized by the presence of developer. In which form do you expect the dye to have its electrons more delocalized? Explain your reasoning.
CNT Structure and Its Application in Display Technology
Published in Ann Rose Abraham, Soney C. George, A. K. Haghi, Carbon Nanotubes, 2023
V. N. Archana, N. G. Divya, V. N. Anjana, Reyha Benedict
Thermochromic material is a temperature-sensitive color change material which changes its color reversibly with a change in temperature. This material is widely being used as a temperature indicator in industrial sectors and has also been demonstrated to be useful in information displays. This material is commonly used in industrial sectors as an indicator of temperature variations and reaction heat of a chemical reaction to analyze the temperature distribution of a chemical heating apparatus, and temperature variation indicator in chemical containers, etc.
Thermochromic and retro-reflective materials
Published in Vincenzo Costanzo, Gianpiero Evola, Luigi Marletta, Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions, 2021
Federico Rossi, Mattheos Santamouris, Samira Garshasbi, Marta Cardinali, Alessia Di Giuseppe
Conventional thermochromic materials can be categorised as inorganic and organic thermochromic materials. Herein, we discuss the thermochromic mechanism and desirable/undesirable features of each thermochromic material type for the building application.
Development of camouflage fabric based on continuous thermochromic and electrothermal material
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Thermochromic material is a functional material that changes color with the change of temperature. It has been studied in many fields such as textile and clothing (Kaepagam et al., 2017; Potuck et al., 2016; Tozum et al., 2021; 2022; Wang et al., 2021; Yan et al., 2020), temperature sensing (Gou et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2015) and energy storage indication (Wu et al., 2017). After the thermochromic material is synthesized into spherical microcapsules by microcapsule technology (Geng et al., 2018; Gou et al., 2010; Guan et al., 2018; Kaepagam et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2015; Panák et al., 2017; Potuck et al., 2016; Tozum et al., 2021; 2022; Wang et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2020; Yi et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2018), the thermochromic microcapsules can be added into the spinning solution, and the thermochromic fibers can be prepared by electrostatic spinning (Guan et al., 2018) or wet spinning (Shi et al., 2021; Xu & He, 2015), so that can be woven into color change fabrics; Thermochromic microcapsules can also be prepared as thermochromic dyes, which can be coated to fabrics (Tozum et al., 2021; Yi et al., 2015), or applied to fabrics by impregnation (Tozum et al., 2022). A large number of studies have shown that these methods can give the fabrics a relatively stable thermochromic function, and make the fabrics have the intelligent use of sensing the color change of ambient temperature to achieve the temperature change prompt.
Study of chameleon nylon and polyester fabrics using photochromic ink
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Subhas Ghosh, Jeanneare Hall, Vikas Joshi
There is a growing interest in the development of photochromic textiles for applications in creative and intelligent design in products such as brand protection, responsive camouflage, and UV sensors. The limited technical success in this area has been a major impediment to significant commercial success. Chromics are a type of dye that changes color when exposed to certain stimuli. Several of these color-changing systems are in existence and are indicated by the word ‘chromic’ attached to them. Some of the known chromic dyeing materials include thermochromics, where color changes occur due to the exposure to heat or temperature change; tribochromics, where color changes due to friction; electrochromics, where color changes are initiated by electron transfer (oxidation/reduction); and photochromics, where color change takes place due to exposure to certain light. The most popular types of chromic materials are photochromics and thermochromics. Our study focused on the photochromic color-changing system in textiles.
The preparation of luminescent and reversible thermochromic Mn-doped Ca-Zn-Al-O inorganic materials
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2022
Vorrada Loryuenyong, Pitsinee Juikatu, Pichanut Sirisukha, Ukrit Kumleing, Achanai Buasri
Reversible thermochromic materials have recently attracted tremendous attention due to their durable, reversible, and controllable temperature-responsive color-change behaviors. These materials are normally used in temperature-indicating applications that require a reversible sharp visual color change. Most thermochromic materials are generally organic compounds, ionic liquids, inorganic–organic hybrid molecules, and composites. The thermochromism of these materials normally shows a reversible color change below 200°C. However, they typically suffer high-temperature thermal degradation, short storage life, and poor durability, which limit their applications to a large extent. Therefore, inorganic thermochromic materials are preferable.