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Nanobioremediation of Contaminated Agro-ecosystems
Published in Vivek Kumar, Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation, 2021
Busiswa Ndaba, Maryam Bello-Akinosho, Ashira Roopnarain, Emomotimi Bamuza-Pemu, Rosina Nkuna, Haripriya Rama, Rasheed Adeleke
Several remediation methods have been developed for both in situ and ex situ applications. Irrespective of the location of remediation, sustainability of the remediation process has received much attention in recent times. Sustainable remediation involves the reduction in the contaminant/ pollutant to concentrations that do not pose any risk, in addition to minimising any associated detrimental environmental impacts, such as waste generation, greenhouse gas emissions and the consumption of natural resources (Reddy and Adams 2010). Furthermore, for any remediation process to be sustainable, it is imperative that the process is economically viable and socially acceptable (Wei et al. 2009). Remediation methods that are presently in use include physical, chemical and biological approaches. Each method of remediation has associated advantages and disadvantages (Ingle et al. 2014). Physical and chemical remediation methods result in rapid decontamination; however, these processes are generally cost intensive and may result in secondary contamination as well as disturbance of the environment that is being treated (Xia et al. 2019). Due to the disadvantages associated with physical and chemical remediation, focus has been drawn to more sustainable remediation methods such as bioremediation.
Planning, monitoring, verification, and sustainability of soil remediation
Published in Katalin Gruiz, Tamás Meggyes, Éva Fenyvesi, Engineering Tools for Environmental Risk Management – 4, 2019
K. Gruiz, M. Molnár, É Fenyvesi
The evaluation of a technology, especially of an innovative one, went through significant development toward a more holistic approach in the last 20 years. The basic requirement of Technological performance – to fulfill the target quantity or quality – has constantly been expanded and integrated with the next point.Economically based characteristics such as cost effectiveness, and later on cost–benefit assessment and the BATNEEC (Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Costs) concept.From the 1990s the risk-based concept came in addition to the technological performance and considers the impact on the environment in the form of risk and sets site-specific remediation goals. This approach made environmental impacts more manageable, even in a quantitative manner, but its shortcoming was that it has not included external social and economic impacts beyond identified environmental impacts. Nevertheless it may provide a strong basis for the shift toward sustainability.From the 2000s the sustainable remediation concept has included the requirement of being beneficial for the society (health, education, employment, life quality, etc.), in addition to technological performance and economic and environmental efficiencies.
Strategies for Sustainable Remediation Projects
Published in Cristiane Q. Surbeck, Jeff Kuo, Site Assessment and Remediation for Environmental Engineers, 2021
Cristiane Q. Surbeck, Jeff Kuo
At this point, it may be evident that environmental remediation projects have to balance the protection of human health and the environment, optimize cost and effort, and be equitable to disadvantaged populations. This balance is tenuous but something to strive for. The term ‘sustainable remediation’ refers to the intentional implementation of a remedial action beyond the typical RI/FS process that considers environmental protection, economic prosperity, and social equity.
Nanomaterials for sustainable remediation of chemical contaminants in water and soil
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Raj Mukhopadhyay, Binoy Sarkar, Eakalak Khan, Daniel S. Alessi, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, K. M. Manjaiah, Miharu Eguchi, Kevin C. W. Wu, Yusuke Yamauchi, Yong Sik Ok
Sustainable remediation involves the elimination or control of a contamination risk in a safe and timely manner, while optimizing the environmental, social, and economic values of the work (Nathanail et al., 2017). Sustainable remediation may comprise of one or multiple remediation technologies including in-situ and ex-situ treatments, and a combination of physical, chemical, thermal and biological processes (Nathanail et al., 2017). The International Standard for Organization (ISO) has taken the policy, legislations, and practices for risk management around the world through committee draft ISO/CD 18504, and published international standard ISO/DIS 18504. To make the concept widely popular and comprehensive to end users (practitioners, regulators, and stakeholders in land quality), clear definitions of the approaches, standard methodologies, and demonstrations of specific remediation strategies are the need of the hour. The approaches should meet the three pillars of sustainable remediation: (a) inexpensive, (b) eco-friendly, and (c) acceptable to society.
Field trials of phytomining and phytoremediation: A critical review of influencing factors and effects of additives
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Liuwei Wang, Deyi Hou, Zhengtao Shen, Jin Zhu, Xiyue Jia, Yong Sik Ok, Filip M. G. Tack, Jörg Rinklebe
To achieve sustainability, the GSR movement aims at maximizing the “net environment benefit” (Song et al., 2019). Determining the degree to which the contaminants are removed is of vital importance. Completely removing the last bit of contamination will result in over-engineering, which will in turn decrease the environmental benefit. Compared to other remediation technologies such as thermal desorption and soil washing, phytoremediation can be regarded as a milder approach with more flexible removal rate of contaminants in most cases, making it easier to select a proper planting design to attain an optimum intervention level. Apart from concerns about over-engineering, the sustainable remediation movement also focus on reducing the secondary impact of the remediation process, that is mitigating the impact of the remediation operations. Phytoremediation operation itself does not bring about much impact, but improper handling of harvested biomass may result in re-emission of contaminants, which should be avoided.
Phosphorus pollution control using waste-based adsorbents: Material synthesis, modification, and sustainability
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Hongxu Zhou, Andrew J. Margenot, Yunkai Li, Buchun Si, Tengfei Wang, Yanyan Zhang, Shiyang Li, Rabin Bhattarai
Third, the recovery of P from the waste-based adsorbents and utilizing it as soil fertilizers can provide benefits beyond the P removal. Elution and direct use are the two most studied approaches to recover P from adsorbents. Bacelo et al. (2020) concluded the NaOH solution is the most appropriate eluent used for P desorption. This phenomenon can be explained by the OH− ions of the eluent exchange with the attached phosphate ions. The desorption percentage provided by NaOH solutions generally increases with concentration until equilibrium. Yang, Jin, et al. (2016) developed a tablet precipitation material (TPM) from used white cement, the maximum recovery capacity achieved was 3.81 ± 0.240 mg g−1. Chen et al. (2018) have shown the adsorption capacity of agricultural waste (cow (Bos taurus) dung-derived engineered biochar) reached 345 mg g−1 and acted as an excellent slow-release fertilizer in promoting the seed germination, growth, yields, and P concentration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Leng et al. (2019) indicated the meat bone meal incineration ash after wastewater treatment was obtained with a P content of 16.2 ± 0.120% (or 37.1 ± 0.270% P2O5), higher than P content of commonly seen natural phosphate rock (15.3% P or 35% P2O5), and the acid consumption for P recovery from the P-saturated ash was reduced by 20% compared with the original ash. Apart from recycling as P fertilizer, many industrial and agricultural waste amendments have beneficial effects on crop growth and disease resistance (Anyaoha et al., 2018; Han et al., 2019). For example, steel slag with rough surface textures and loose porous structure mainly comprises silicon, calcium, iron, and potassium, which is beneficial to increase soil microbial activity of methanotrophs and the nutrient content (organic carbon, and total nitrogen) in soil (Das et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2014). Accordingly, choosing the appropriate spent waste product can deliver cost-effective remediation techniques and fulfill “green and sustainable remediation” principles.