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Summary
Published in Judith S. Weis, Francesca De Falco, Mariacristina Cocca, Polluting Textiles, 2022
Judith S. Weis, Francesca De Falco, Mariacristina Cocca
In Chapter 5, Carney Almroth et al. review the toxicology of chemicals associated with microplastics. There has been considerable research on chemicals that are included in plastic, such as phthalates and bisphenols, and environmental chemicals that attach to particles, such as PCBs and metals. However, there are many unique chemicals associated with textile microfibres, such as dyes, surfactants, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), flame-retardants, antimicrobial agents (e.g. triclosan, silver nanoparticles), nonylphenol ethoxylate, aromatic amines, and numerous others that can produce stain resistance or water repellance. The textile industry uses up to 8,000 different chemical compounds and an average textile mill produces an effluent of 1.6 million liters per day (Carney Almroth et al. 2021). The toxicity of leachates from textiles is considerable, showing effects on gene expression, cytotoxicity, embryo development, and behaviour (Carney Almroth et al. 2021).
The Importance of Globally Accepted Test Methods and Standards
Published in Ivana Špelić, Alka Mihelić-Bogdanić, Anica Hursa Šajatović, Standard Methods for Thermal Comfort Assessment of Clothing, 2019
Ivana Špelić, Alka Mihelić-Bogdanić, Anica Hursa Šajatović
The basic requirements for waterproof-breathable fabrics are waterproofness and breathability, windproofness, abrasion and tear resistance, good adhesion of the membrane or film coating to the base textile, easy care, wash resistance and washability, lightness and packability, durability, flexibility and stretchability, and other specific functional properties such as flame retardancy, chemical protection, high visibility, stain resistance and oil resistance. The waterproof-breathable fabrics are usually produced by coating or laminating the thin film over the basic textile material. Laminated waterproof-breathable fabrics are produced faster than the coated waterproof-breathable fabrics; however, the coated technology is less expensive and has a better handle than (lightweight) laminated fabrics, providing high flexibility. In opposition, a wider range of textile substrates can be laminated, and better waterproofness can be achieved and maintained after several washing cycles in laminated waterproof-breathable fabrics (Kramar, 1989).
Development of wood protective polyurethane coatings from mahua oil-based polyetheramide polyol: a renewable approach
Published in Soft Materials, 2018
Ashish J. Raychura, Smita Jauhari, Bharatkumar Z. Dholakiya
The stain resistance refers as the ability of the surface to withstand discoloration caused by the liquids. Commonly, a liquid stain occurs when liquid gets absorbed on the surface or can say due to the hydrophilic nature of the surface. Therefore, the basic objective of stain resistance is to prevent liquid absorption. The beverage stain resistance of the wood coatings is most important for the household application. The results of the beverage stain test are quite good; both the coatings are easy to clean, and no spot was observed after wiping.