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Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization of Pastures and Turfgrasses on Water Quality
Published in R. Lal, B. A. Stewart, Soil Processes and Water Quality, 2020
Rosa M.C. Muchovej, Jack E. Rechcigl
Proper irrigation design and scheduling minimizes NO3 leaching. Irrigation water should be applied when needed by the crop and in amounts just sufficient for storage and use within the crop’s rooting zone (Smith and Cassel, 1991). Over-irrigation will invariably lead to NO3-leaching losses (Pratt, 1984). For adequate irrigation of turfgrasses, the root-zone depth, root-zone soil water holding capacity, and irrigation system output must be known (Cisar et al., 1991). Soil moisture sensors, such as tensiometers, may be used to automatically schedule irrigations on the basis of soil moisture content (Cisar et al., 1991). Deep and active root systems with greater capacity to recover applied N may be promoted by several cultural practices including height of cut and aeration (Beard, 1973).
A complete automated solution for farm field and garden nurturing using Internet of Things
Published in Govind Singh Patel, Amrita Rai, Nripendra Narayan Das, R. P. Singh, Smart Agriculture, 2021
S. Siva Kumar, A. M. Senthil Kumar, T. Rajesh Kumar, N. Sree Ram, V. Krishna Reddy, P. Sivakumar
Figure 12.1shows the proposed architecture of the complete irrigation and garden nurturing system. Raspberry Pi is the main controller that collects data from all sensors to the cloud database. The soil moisture sensor is used to sense the water content in the soil, which is placed in the soil. The level sensor is placed nearer to the root of the crops which computes the range of the water level, and if the level of water is low then the motor is switched on. pH sensor is also placed, which is to measure the salt content in the water. It is used to reduce fertilizer usage.
Improving Surface Irrigation
Published in Guangnan Chen, Advances in Agricultural Machinery and Technologies, 2018
Malcolm H. Gillies, Joseph P. Foley, Alison C. McCarthy
Other sensing devices may be beneficial to the surface irrigation system, in addition to those listed above, for direct feedback of the irrigation while it is underway. Multi-depth soil moisture sensors can be used to assist with irrigation scheduling. Tipping bucket rain gauges are another useful device that can be connected to some of the automation systems and allow a more complete field water balance to be developed.
Assessing the economic impact of a low-cost water-saving irrigation technology in Indian Punjab: the tensiometer
Published in Water International, 2018
Kamal Vatta, R. S. Sidhu, Upmanu Lall, P. S. Birthal, Garima Taneja, Baljinder Kaur, Naresh Devineni, Charlotte MacAlister
Given the political economy of irrigation management in the state, policy makers are seeking technological and institutional solutions that minimize stress on groundwater resources without adverse effects on farm profitability. One such option is the application of soil-moisture-sensor-based scheduling of irrigation using devices like tensiometers. A tensiometer is a simple device that measures the amount of energy required by the plant to pull soil water (water potential) at the current moisture level and guides farmers on when to irrigate. Several studies based on experimental data have reported that the use of tensiometers is a technically feasible option for efficient management of groundwater resources without any yield penalty (Bhatt, Arora, & Chew, 2016; Bhatt & Sharma, 2010; Buttaro et al., 2015; Hodnett, Bell, Ah Koon, Soopramanien, & Batchelor, 1990; Kukal, Hira, & Sidhu, 2005; World Bank, 2010). According to Bhatt et al. (2016), tensiometer-based irrigation application in paddy cultivation in Punjab could save 14–15% of water consumption, thus saving 170–250 kWh of electric power per hectare per season.
An Ontology-based Knowledge Mining Model for Effective Exploitation of Agro Information
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
E. Murali, S. Margret Anouncia
Analogously, a low-cost resistive soil moisture sensors performance was evaluated by Saleh et al. [27]. A resistivity-based soil moisture sensor is used to read the amount of moisture present in the soil. Although several errors were identified, such as sensitivity to electrolytic corrosion, sensitivity to soil ion concentration, sensitivity to temperature, and installation error, it is suited only for short application.