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Traditional and Advanced Characterization Techniques for Reinforced Polymer Composites
Published in Shishir Sinha, G. L. Devnani, Natural Fiber Composites, 2022
Amit Pandey, G. L. Devnani, Dhanajay Singh
In the context of FRP composites, it is highly recommended to gather sufficient information on the wettability of the natural fibers, such as degree of wetting by the liquid or the penetration of liquid inside the fibers, before actually using them as reinforcements in composites. This purpose can be achieved through measurement of the contact angle. Hence, the contact angle measurement is a very common but key method of wettability measurements (Chen et al., 2012). There are several techniques present in the literature to measure the contact angle, which include sessile drop technique, captive bubble method, tilted plate method, wilhelmy balance method, capillary rise method, individual fiber technique, capillary tube method, capillary penetration method, and capillary bridge method. Among all these methods, the most common direct measurement technique is known as the sessile drop technique, as well as an indirect measurement technique in the form of the wilhelmy balance method will be discussed in detail.
Superhydrophobicity
Published in Sheila Devasahayam, Kim Dowling, Manoj K. Mahapatra, Sustainability in the Mineral and Energy Sectors, 2016
Shihao Huang, Sagar Cholake, Wen Lee, Kenaope Maithakimako, Divya Eratte, Sheila Devasahayam, Sri Bandyopadhyay
There are two types of contact angle values: (a) static contact angles and (b) dynamic contact angles. To determine the flat surface, the static contact angle is usually used as it is close to Young’s angle. The method to measure this static contact angle is using the sessile drop technique, where a drop of water is vertically deposited onto the surface of the material and the value is determined by a goniometer. Dynamic contact angles are nonequilibrium contact angles measured by contact angle hysteresis (Δθ), which is the difference between the growth and shrinkage of the droplet (Brzoska et al., 1994).
Alteration in Ti6Al4V implant surface properties with micro textures density
Published in Surface Engineering, 2022
The static contact angle of the formed textured surface has been measured with a drop shape analyser via the sessile drop technique (DSA 25S Kruss). The DSA setup has an accuracy of 0.3° with a resolution of 0.01° in CA measurement. Two liquids i.e. ultrapure water, and diiodomethane was used for CA measurement, and the liquid drop volume varies within 5 ± 2 µL. Each measurement has been performed three times at different locations on each sample. The contact angle measurements have been executed at room condition (relative humidity ∼ 50 ± 5%, ambient temperature ∼ 27 ± 2°C).
Filler flocculation in elastomer blends - an approach based on measured surface tensions and monte carlo simulation
Published in Soft Materials, 2019
Norman Gundlach, Reinhard Hentschke, Hossein Ali Karimi-Varzaneh
To obtain the surface tensions of different materials various techniques are common (e.g., (46)). Most prominently known are the sessile drop technique, the pendant drop method and the Wilhelmy plate method. The sessile drop technique is used to obtain the surface tension of a solid, whereas the pendant drop and Wilhelmy plate methods are used for liquids. All methods measure the contact angle , which relates to the surface tension via the Young equation
Influence of low-temperature plasma treatment on properties of ramie fibers
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
According to Young’s Equation ((1)–(3)) (Lee et al., 2013), ramie fiber surface energy can be counted directly by contact angles (Chen et al., 2009). The sessile drop technique was applied on a surface tensiometer (Kruss100, Germany) to measure the static contact angle (Ren, Wang, & Qiu, 2007), and the measured contact angle of each sample is the average value of five measurements.