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Organic and Inorganic Nanoparticles from Agricultural Waste
Published in Sefiu Adekunle Bello, Hybrid Polymeric Nanocomposites from Agricultural Waste, 2023
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) is used to analyse biomolecules and various organic molecules that may ionise by conventional ionisation methods due to their fragile nature. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an ion scattering technique used for analysing thin film with reference standards. The structure and sometimes crystal particle sizes of nanoparticles can be estimated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD).
Characterization Methods
Published in Mark A. Prelas, Galina Popovici, Louis K. Bigelow, Handbook of Industrial Diamonds and Diamond Films, 2018
Karen McNamara Rutledge, Karen K. Gleason
For Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), the surface of a solid sample acts as a target for a beam of monoenergetic particles. A small fraction of the incident particles are backscattered as a result of elastic collisions with atoms in the sample. The energy of a particle scattered by such a collision allows the concentration profiles of heavy elements to be determined as a function of distance from the sample’s surface. This depth profiling is nondestructive in the sense that the surface is not sputtered away. Note that RBS does not yield information about chemical bonding since the kinematics of the collision are not sensitive to the electronic configuration of the target species. When the rows of atoms in a crystal (especially a single-crystal) are precisely aligned parallel to particle beam, the incident ions can channel through the sample. This channeling can be used gain additional structural information as well as improved depth resolution. More information on this technique can be found in Brundle [1992].
Electrical, Physical, and Chemical Characterization
Published in Robert Doering, Yoshio Nishi, Handbook of Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, 2017
Dieter K. Schroder, Bruno W. Schueler, Thomas Shaffner, Greg S. Strossman
Purpose. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is a technique based in classical physics involving scattering of ionized particles by nuclei in the sample being analyzed. Common uses of RBS include quantitative depth profiling, real concentration measurements (atoms per square centimeter), and crystal quality and impurity lattice site analysis. Its primary application is quantitative depth profiling to determine elemental compositions of thin films and multilayer structures. It is well suited for the analysis of complex silicides and multilayer metallizations, and provides data accurate to 5% or better without the use of standards. The related techniques outlined in Table 28.10 extend the methodology to ultrathin films, physical defects, impurity analysis, and hydrogen quantification.
Nobel Ag–Cu ion-exchange bimetallic nanoclusters formation over gold ion (Au2+) implanted materials RBS and optical study
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2021
A. C. Ferdinand, D. Manikandan, P. Manikandan, G. Kavitha, R. Gaur, M. Maaza, E. Manikandan
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an analytical technique used in materials science. RBS is used to determine the structure and composition of materials by measuring the backscattering of a beam of high energy ions impinging on a metal. A method of determining the concentrations of various elements as a function of depth under the surface of a sample, by measuring the energy spectrum of ions which are backscattered emitted energy beam directed at the surface. Rutherford backscattering as an elastic collision between a high kinetic energy particle from the incident beam (the projectile) and a stationary particle located in the sample. Elastic in this context means that no energy is either lost or gained during the collision. Optical absorption spectra of the Cu and Ag samples implanted with Au2+ ions are shown in Figures 4 and 5, respectively.