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Published in Les Goring, Residential Surveying Matters and Building Terminology, 2023
Parquet flooring:1) A finished floor-covering of hardwood or softwood (redwood) blocks or strips, laid to a geometrical, herringbone pattern, and traditionally bonded to a sand-and-cement screeded floor. Such blocks were/are usually of 19mm/¾ in. thickness; 2) Nowadays, parquet flooring is also available as an overlay floor, which uses much thinner strips of timber or a hard-wearing type of vinyl-lay.
Polymer Applications in the Construction Industry
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Elastomer Technology Handbook, 2020
Many materials have been used for floors, some of them with only mixed success. In the decorative field, parquet floors are very attractive, but are expensive and require much attention to maintain their beautiful finish. Vinyl floors are much cheaper, are attractive, and easy to maintain, but are still not as resistant to stiletto heels as they might be.
Floor coverings
Published in V. Ramesh Babu, S. Sundaresan, Home Furnishing, 2018
Popular woods for solid parquet flooring include oak, walnut, cherry, pine, and maple. Rare woods like mahogany, ebony, and rosewood were sometimes used for very special floors. Stains and finishes enhance the contrasting colors and grains of the different woods.
Efficient top layer configuration in parquet production
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2021
Matthias Kaltenbrunner, Maria Anna Huka, Manfred Gronalt
In this article, the production planning for a top layer line in a multi-layer parquet flooring plant is studied. In general, the floorboards can be produced as one-strip or multi-strip parquet. One-strip parquet means that the top layer of the floorboard is made of a single piece of wood whereas multi-strip denotes that the top layer is assembled from several lamellas aligned longitudinally. In Figure 1(c), a three-strip floorboard is shown as used in the factory considered. Since wood, a natural resource, is used for the production of parquet, the quality varies. For the customers the appearance of the finished floor is paramount, and this is influenced by the figuring characteristics such as colouring, sapwood and heartwood, structure and knots. The result should be floorboards which satisfy the customers requirement by the processes of trimming into lamellas, grading and re-assembling into top layers to produce a consistent finished flooring. Thus, based on the same raw material, several different standard products can be configured according to the costumer's demand. The goal of this work is to propose an efficient assembly planning of the top layer for parquet production. This approach provides a framework for a robust, faster and more agile production planning process with a measurable result. Furthermore, employees with less experience can execute the planning process and it is transferable to other sites. First, the problem investigated is described and necessary definitions are stated. Secondly, the problem is formalized and it is shown how the complexity can be reduced to solve an optimization model that minimizes raw material costs. In addition, a robustness analysis with industrial data is carried out.
Design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA) enablers for offsite interior design and construction
Published in Building Research & Information, 2022
Zhikang Bao, Vikrom Laovisutthichai, Tan Tan, Qiong Wang, Weisheng Lu
Connection detail design is a critical factor affecting the quality and performance of prefabricated projects. As prefabricated IDC is still in its infancy, great efforts have been devoted to exploring connection detail design, for example, through cross-sectoral learning. Interviewee 10 reflected that: Due to the lack of relevant experience, our company has employed some experts from the automotive industry to see whether the connection detail design from a relatively mature industry can be applied to offsite IDC.The case study firm has developed various technologies for connection detail design in prefabricated IDC project systems (see Figure 2). The floor system consists of three layers: levelling stents, GRC (glass fibre reinforced concrete) basal plate, and surface plate, e.g. ceramic tile or wood parquet. Usually, one GRC basal plate is supported by four levelling stents at the bottom and covered by one surface plate at the top. This three-layer structure in the floor system applies interlocking connection design between elements. Onsite workers just need to level the four stents to keep them in the same plane horizontally and connect different elements manually, without the need to use large amounts of emulsion varnish. For the wall system, three types of connection detail design have been developed: skirting line connection, stitch connection, and tight connection in response to block-brick based wall, hollow-brick based wall, and shear wall, respectively. The wallboard is connected with a light gauge steel joist by a physical connector. The connection detail design of the integrated ceiling system is the most complicated. Interviewee 5 said that: We adopted a kind of end cap in ‘L’ shape to connect the elements of the gypsum board integrated ceiling system. However, some customers feel it affects the aesthetics as the connection would lead to an inevitable gap between elements. Therefore, we have developed a new connection to overcome this drawback.