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A Nanomaterials Genome
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
We have entered the era of solid-state chemistry and physics where there is increasing demand for structured nanophase materials with stringent requirements of size, shape, and dimensionality, as well as the type and concentration of dopants, defects, and impurities.114 In a broader sense, a modern view of materials should encompass nanoscale or mesoscale building blocks which self-assemble at different length scales to form hierarchical structures, and finally, to perform their functions as an integrated system. It is a general preconception but should be true from both a materials chemist’s and a condensed-matter physicist’s point of view. It also makes sense no matter what the approach is used: either bottom–up chemical synthesis or top–down lithography, or a creative integration of both.
Thermophysical Properties Enhancement Using Hybrid Nanofluids and Their Synthesis and Applications
Published in K.R.V. Subramanian, Tubati Nageswara Rao, Avinash Balakrishnan, Nanofluids and Their Engineering Applications, 2019
B. Chitra, K. Sathishkumar, N. Fedal Castro, S. Srinivas
Stable nanofluids can be produced by one- and two-step method. Both one-step and two-step methods can create nanoparticle suspension and agglomeration of particles. Thus, synthesis and suspension of non-agglomerated and nearly monodispersed nanoparticles in the liquid are the key steps for the enhancement of thermal properties of nanofluids. Nanostructured materials are made of nanometer-sized substances on the atomic or molecular scale, and these materials exhibit new or enhanced physical properties when compared to conventional bulk solids. These remarkable properties of nanophase materials occur because of the high surface area/volume ratio, which is because of the large proportion of atoms present within the grain boundaries. Therefore, properties like thermal, mechanical, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of nanomaterials are superior to conventional bulk solids [33].
Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Silica Spheres
Published in Devrim Balköse, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, A. K. Haghi, Suresh C. Ameta, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Chemical Science and Engineering Technology, 2019
Lavanya Tandon, Poonam Khullar
In the past few years, the science and technology of nanomaterials have created great excitement and expectations in the past few years. There has been a great progress in the synthesis and assembly and fabrication of nanophase materials like nanocrystals, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods, nanoribbon, nanoflasks, nanospheres, nanocoatings, and nanodots. Nanostructure materials have a great potential to be used in the wide variety of applications.7 Thus, a new field is being developed which requires the cooperation of chemists, physicists, and engineers. Chemists are mainly concerned with synthesis, structures, and enhanced properties.8 At present, different metallic nanomaterials are being produced using copper,9 zinc,10 titanium,11 magnesium,12 gold,13 and silver14 and are used for various purposes like medical treatments,15 used in various branches of industry production like solar16 and oxide fuel batteries for energy storage so as to widen the incorporation into diverse material of everyday use like cosmetics or clothes.17
Microwave absorption and photocatalytic properties of magnetic nickel nanoparticles/recycled PET nanofibers web
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Fatemeh Mohammadkhani, Majid Montazer, Masoud Latifi
Polymer-based composites were announced in the 1960s as a new model for materials. By dispersing a specific material in a polymer matrix, high-performance lightweight composites can be used for individual applications. The polymeric nanocomposites have been developed by multifunctional materials with low nanofiller content (Hossen et al., 2015; Kango et al., 2013; Maniar, 2004). Nanophase materials, such as fillers in the polymer matrix, are generally group of atoms or molecules with a size of 1–100 nm with specific properties different from their bulk counterparts (Kango et al., 2013). Spherical and fibrous fillers have been added to the polymer matrices to improve their effectiveness, including rheological, mechanical, thermal, flammability, calorimetric and other properties (Zou et al., 2015).