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Tuning the Properties of Silver Monolayers for Biological Applications
Published in Huiliang Cao, Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Devices, 2017
In the literature, one can find numerous reports describing preparation of self-assembled silver monolayers and multilayers (Oćwieja et al. 2015c). For practical applications, the issues related to the mechanisms of nanoparticle deposition, and their release from such coatings, have an important significance. For these reasons, basic researches are carried out in model systems. In many cases, such monolayers are deposited on glass, quartz, silicon and fibres. In a few recent studies, mica was also used as a model substrate, allowing one to precisely determine the deposition kinetics of silver nanoparticles and the stability of such monolayers. It is worth mentioning that before proper deposition of silver nanoparticles, most of the substrates are modified by adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes, silanes or other positively charged compounds in order to promote an efficient deposition of negatively charged silver nanoparticles. Finally, after the deposition, which can be conducted in different periods, the obtained silver films are characterised with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM). Below, particular attention has been paid to the studies where deposition of silver nanoparticles was described in a quantitative manner.
Applications
Published in Raj P. Chhabra, CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering Second Edition, 2017
Joshua D. Ramsey, Ken Bell, Ramesh K. Shah, Bengt Sundén, Zan Wu, Clement Kleinstreuer, Zelin Xu, D. Ian Wilson, Graham T. Polley, John A. Pearce, Kenneth R. Diller, Jonathan W. Valvano, David W. Yarbrough, Moncef Krarti, John Zhai, Jan Kośny, Christian K. Bach, Ian H. Bell, Craig R. Bradshaw, Eckhard A. Groll, Abhinav Krishna, Orkan Kurtulus, Margaret M. Mathison, Bryce Shaffer, Bin Yang, Xinye Zhang, Davide Ziviani, Robert F. Boehm, Anthony F. Mills, Santanu Bandyopadhyay, Shankar Narasimhan, Donald L. Fenton, Raj M. Manglik, Sameer Khandekar, Mario F. Trujillo, Rolf D. Reitz, Milind A. Jog, Prabhat Kumar, K.P. Sandeep, Sanjiv Sinha, Krishna Valavala, Jun Ma, Pradeep Lall, Harold R. Jacobs, Mangesh Chaudhari, Amit Agrawal, Robert J. Moffat, Tadhg O’Donovan, Jungho Kim, S.A. Sherif, Alan T. McDonald, Arturo Pacheco-Vega, Gerardo Diaz, Mihir Sen, K.T. Yang, Martine Rueff, Evelyne Mauret, Pawel Wawrzyniak, Ireneusz Zbicinski, Mariia Sobulska, P.S. Ghoshdastidar, Naveen Tiwari, Rajappa Tadepalli, Raj Ganesh S. Pala, Desh Bandhu Singh, G. N. Tiwari
Nanofluid boiling and evaporation has potential to increase heat transfer and critical heat flux in heat pipes and evaporators. However, it is hard to control the nanoparticle deposition process. Thick nanoparticle deposition is unfavorable as the deposition layer adds an additional resistance to heat transfer. For flow boiling in heat exchangers such as PHEs, the nanoparticle deposition process is even harder to control as the nanoparticle deposition is tempo-spatial variable in the heat exchanger. Besides, some nanofluids use surfactants to increase nanofluid stability. However, these surfactants might also affect the boiling/evaporation process (Feng et al., 2016).
Direct printing of performance tunable strain sensor via nanoparticle laser patterning process
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2020
Ji-Hyeon Song, Ho-Jin Kim, Min-Soo Kim, Soo-Hong Min, Yan Wang, Sung-Hoon Ahn
To avoid the use of environmentally harmful solvents, and to broaden material selection, dry particle deposition methods have been explored (Akedo 2008; Chun et al. 2008; Lee et al. 2014). These inexpensive and simple processes allow for fast and large-area printing with many types of materials. Well-studied dry particle deposition methods include aerosol deposition method (ADM) (Akedo et al. 1998; Hanft et al. 2015), cold spray (CS) deposition (Stoltenhoff, Kreye, and Richter 2002; Papyrin et al. 2006; Champagne 2007), nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS) (Chun et al. 2008; Chun et al. 2013; Park et al. 2015), and aerodynamically focussed nanoparticle (AFN) printing (Lee et al. 2014). Nevertheless, they have limitations in small feature printing with high resolution. Print durability is a major challenge. Auxiliary methods have been developed to enhance the performance of these dry particle printing processes (Morgan et al. 2004; Baba and Akedo 2009; Bray, Cockburn, and O'Neill 2009; Do and Li 2016). Lasers facilitate high-quality deposition with more homogeneous characteristics. The use of lasers also expands the range of suitable materials and applications. Lasers have also been used as auxiliaries to wet deposition processes such as inkjet printing (Ko et al. 2007; Chiolerio et al. 2011). However, in existing approaches, a high-power laser is projected directly to the substrate, either coaxially or eccentrically, and quickly increases the substrate temperature in the heat-affected zones. Thus, these methods cannot be used to print on flexible substrates that are vulnerable to heat. A few studies did succeed in minimising the thermal effect of the laser process (Agarwala et al. 2018). Therefore, there is a need for new deposition methods to take the advantages offered by lasers but avoid these thermal issues.
Micro- and nanoparticle transport and deposition in a realistic neonatal and infant nasal upper airway
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2023
John Valerian Corda, B Satish Shenoy, Kamarul Arifin Ahmad, Leslie Lewis, Prakashini K, Anoop Rao, Mohammad Zuber
The particle deposition patterns for 2 µm particles in the neonatal nasal vestibular region increased by 50% when the flow rate was increased from 1.8 LPM to 3 LPM. The amount of particles deposited in the vestibular region of newborns, given a mass flow rate of 3 LPM, is 0.4% for 2 µm and 21% for 10 µm particles. These results are consistent with a previous study of 0.52% and 13.4%, respectively, for the flow rate of 3.8 LPM [67]. For 5 µm and 10 µm, the vestibular depositions were around 65% more when the flow rate increased. There was no significant variation in the deposition efficiency for other particle sizes with the increase in the flow rate. The vestibular depositions of nanoparticles for neonates, however, exhibited around a 20%–30% increase in deposition efficiencies with an increased flow rate, except for the 2 nm particle size which showed a mere 2% increase. The neonatal nasal valve region experiences an increase in the deposition efficiency with particle size with the flow rate up to 10 µm particle size, as high as 83%, after which there is a reduction in the deposition efficiency as the particle size and flow rates increase. The nano depositions at the nasal valve increase with the flow rates, and the highest variation of 46% increase is observed for 60 nm. Neonates with a mass flow rate of 3 LPM show mid-nasal regional particle deposition rates of 2.5% for particles of 5 nm and 1.5% for particles of 20 nm. These figures align with the data from earlier research, where 4.1% and 1.8% were observed for 5 nm and 20 nm particles at a flow rate of 3.8 LPM [37]. The higher microparticle depositions in the nasal vestibule and the nasal valve region can be attributed to the impaction mechanism, which is a function of air velocity which increases with the flow rates and the airway bends [68]. The neonatal mid-nasal region also experiences deposition patterns similar to the nasal valve, and the deposition efficiencies are drastically reduced after 10 µm particle size. The nanoparticle deposition increased maximum for 40 nm particle size when the flow rate was increased. The neonatal olfactory depositions for both micro- and nanoparticles were negligibly small; however, the increased flow rates barely increased the olfactory depositions. The neonatal anterior and nasopharyngeal depositions for the microparticles increased up to 10 µm after which there was a decrease in deposition efficiencies as particle size and mass flow rates increased. For the nanoparticles, the depositions increased with the flow rates, for both anterior and nasopharynx regions. Our findings are in agreement with the previous results, which showed that the deposition of particles increases as their size decreases due to Brownian diffusion [69].