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Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
Miniaturization is an important trend in materials processing. Microoelectromechanical systems (MEMS) illustrate this trend. These MEMS can potentially power microrobots to repair human cells, and produce microknives for surgery and camera shutters for precise photography. Some are now widely used in sensors, ink-jet printing mechanisms, and magnetic storage devices. The more recent trend is the development of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), which operate on the same scale as biological molecules. Figure 185.3 indicates the relative sizes and other factors usually associated with these and traditional manufacturing terms. MEMS products can be classified by type of device or by application. The first classification includes microsensors, microactuators, microstructures and microcomponents, and microsystems and microinstruments. The second classification includes ink-jet heads, thin-film magnetic heads, compact disks, automotive, medical, chemical and environmental, and other applications in scanning probe microscopes, biotechnology, and electronics.
Semiconductors in Mobile Telecommunications
Published in Saad Z. Asif, 5G Mobile Communications Concepts and Technologies, 2018
The advanced manufacturing techniques such as MEMS discussed earlier and NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems) combine electronics and mechanical components at micro and nano scales. This integration allows the functionality of sensors, actuators, and integrated circuits into small form-factors, which makes them suitable for use in a plethora of IoT applications. Integrated circuits in use in IoT do not require complex integration and can use more than one chip. However, IoT applications ideally require a single chip at an acceptable form-factor and with very low power consumption which has driven the growth for SoC-type designs. The SoC is comprised of multiple embedded cores, an embedded GPU (graphic processing unit), and integrated wireless connectivity in a single package [49]. In a nutshell, the basic building blocks of an IoT include microcontrollers, sensors, actuators, power management functions, embedded memory, and connectivity [51].
Nanobiosensors and Their Applications
Published in Rakesh K. Sindhu, Mansi Chitkara, Inderjeet Singh Sandhu, Nanotechnology, 2021
Ankit Kumar Singh, Agnidipta Das, Pradeep Kumar
Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are devices that integrate nanomaterials with electrical and mechanical systems, which are active in their electrical transduction mechanisms. Nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanoparticles, and thin films made up of nanocrystalline matter are some of the widely used nanomaterials [4]. Nanobiosensors are a revolution in the sensor technology enabling the rapid analysis of multiple samples at desired time and place. Nanobiosensors show high performance in selectivity, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, reversibility, rapid response, and the sensitivity of determination by utilizing nanomaterials to introduce lots of brand new signal transduction technologies, which have been used recently [3].
Vibration of FG nano-sized beams embedded in Winkler elastic foundation and with various boundary conditions
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
Büşra Uzun, Ömer Civalek, Mustafa Özgür Yaylı
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) are very small-scale structures that contain one or more micro and nano-machined components and have a wide variety of interdisciplinary applications like microphones, accelerometers, environmental assay devices, pressure sensors, optoelectric devices, fluid regulators etc. (Crone 2008). While designing such very extreme-small devices and calculating the responses of them, it should be known that the size effect occurs in these structures and that they behave differently from the usual macro-sized ones. In order to can theoretically give this size effect, various size-dependent theories have been developed. Because they have not any small-scale parameters, classical continuum theories are not sufficient to predict behaviors of micro and nanoscale structures. Therefore, in order to compensate for this deficiency high-order elasticity theories (for instance nonlocal elasticity theory, modified couple stress theory, strain gradient theory, surface elasticity theory, nonlocal strain gradient theory etc.) including various numbers of small-scale parameters have been preferred for analyses of these structures by researchers (Kahrobaiyan et al. 2011; Malikan, Nguyen, and Tornabene 2018; Li and Hu 2015; Uzun, Kafkas, and Yaylı 2020; Lu, Guo, and Zhao 2017; Mercan and Civalek 2017).
Nonlinear electromechanical analysis of micro/nanobeams based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory tuned by flexoelectric and piezoelectric effects
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
Hamidreza Yademellat, Reza Ansari, Abolfazl Darvizeh, Jalal Torabi, Ali Zabihi
Micro and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) have a broad range of applications in industry such as microrelays, micro/nanoswitches, atomic force microscopes, and bandpass filters (Zang et al. 2015; De Vellis et al. 2017). Hence, a great deal of attempts has been done to analyze the MEMS and NEMS by continuum theories. The survey of the literature shows that the frequency of structures increases as the size decreases from the macro scale into micro one (Fleck et al. 1994; Lei et al. 2016). Thereupon, due to the inability of classical continuum theory (CT) to consider the size-effects disparate non-classical continuum theories such as couple stress theory (Toupin 1964; Kim and Reddy 2013), nonlocal theory (NLT) (Eringen and Edelen 1972; Eringen 1983; Ansari and Torabi 2016a, 2016b; Ansari, Torabi, and Shojaei 2018; Karami et al. 2019; Arefi et al. 2019a, 2019b; Ansari, Torabi and Norouzzadeh 2020; Taati et al. 2020; Zarezadeh, Hosseini and Hadi 2020), strain gradient theory (SGT) (Mindlin and Eshel 1968; Aifantis 1994; Torabi, Ansari and Darvizeh 2018; Esmailpoor Hajilak et al. 2019; Torabi, Ansari and Darvizeh 2019; Zabihi et al. 2020), and NSGT (Lim, Zhang and Reddy 2015; Ebrahimi and Barati 2017; Fattahi, Sahmani and Ahmed 2019; Mahinzare et al. 2019; Hamidi et al. 2020; Hosseini et al. 2020; Torabi et al. 2020) have been proposed to cover this deficiency.