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Evaluating the effect of mineralogy and mechanical stability of recycled excavation materials by Los Angeles and micro-Deval test
Published in Inge Hoff, Helge Mork, Rabbira Saba, Eleventh International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Volume 1, 2021
S. Adomako, R.T. Thorstensen, N. Akhtar, M. Norby, C.J. Engelsen, T. Danner, D.M. Barbieri
Regarding the effect of mineral composition on strength properties of rocks, the literature present unique findings based on the type and formation of mineral group. Considering primary minerals, it was reported in a review by Adomako et al. (2021), that quartz and feldspar largely contributed to the LA and MD performance of rocks, and generally, about 20% of soft minerals (mica) had no significant effect on the performance of rocks. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of grain size and shape were important factors considered for overall assessment of the performance. Ajagbe et al. (2015) mentioned that increased content of quartz improved the LA resistance of metamorphic rocks. The study by Pang et al. (2010) and Afolagboye et al. (2016) showed that increased content of quartz or feldspar, or a proportional ratio of both resulted in high resistance to LA. The study by Ademila (2019) also showed the relationship between LA of granite gneiss and granite rocks and the content of quartz and feldspar. Regarding quartzite rocks, the same study reported low LA performance although quartzite had high amount of quartz with insignificant amount of feldspar.
What Is a Lubricant and What Are Its Functions?
Published in Sanya Mathura, Lubrication Degradation Mechanisms, 2020
The classification of base oils is based on the refining method used on the crude oil. According to the Noria (2012b), there are five classifications of base oils as listed below: Group I: Solvent refined (Mineral)Group II: Hydrotreated (Mineral)Group III: Hydrocracked (Mineral)Group IV: PAO Synthetic LubricantsGroup V: All other base oils not included in Groups I, II, III or IV.
Microporous and Mesoporous Solids
Published in Elaine A. Moore, Lesley E. Smart, Solid State Chemistry, 2020
Elaine A. Moore, Lesley E. Smart
In 1756, the Swedish mineralogist Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt first described zeolites as a mineral group. They are a class of crystalline aluminosilicates based on rigid anionic frameworks with well-defined pores (channels) running through them, which intersect at cavities (cages). These cavities contain exchangeable metal cations (Na+, K+, etc.) and can also hold removable and replaceable guest molecules (water in naturally occurring zeolites). It is their ability to lose water on heating that has earned them their name: Cronstedt observed that on heating with a blowtorch, they hissed and bubbled as though they were boiling and thus named them zeolites from the Greek words zeo, to boil, and lithos, stone. This loss of water is completely reversible.
Process Applications and Challenges in Mineral Beneficiation and Recovery of Niobium from Ore Deposits – A Review
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2022
Nnaemeka Stanislaus Nzeh, Samson Adeosun, Abimbola Patricia Popoola, Abraham Adeleke, Daniel Okanigbe
Columbite, tantalite or coltan and pyrochlore ores are regarded as the most important primary mineral sources of Nb and Ta and also their major sources of industrial or commercial production (Berhe et al. 2017; Parker and Fleischer 1968; Sanchez-Segado et al. 2015; Shikika et al. 2020). Columbite otherwise called niobite or columbate/niobate is a hard, heavy complex oxide ore of the crystalline black mineral group. It is primarily a mineral ore for Nb and often times for Ta and niobate of Fe and Mn. These elements however are the considerable constituents of the ore, possessing a general chemical formula of (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 (Ayanda and Adekola 2011; Baba et al. 2018; Ige et al. 2005). The mineral columbite has a submetallic luster and an orthorhombic or body centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure. Columbite mineral is generally described as a low-grade complex oxide ore of majorly metal oxide compounds like niobium penta-oxide (Nb2O5) of ~55–78% content and ~5–30% tantalum penta-oxide (Ta2O5) as its main constituents in the ore composition with significant associated oxide gangue minerals/elemental impurities (Agulyansky 2004; Ayeni, Ibitoye and Adeleke 2012; Baba et al. 2018; Bamalli, Moumouni and Chaanda 2011; Berhe et al. 2017; Ryan 2018).
Fusion of ASTER satellite imagery, geochemical and geology data for gold prospecting in the Astaneh granite intrusive, West Central Iran
Published in International Journal of Image and Data Fusion, 2022
Hooman Moradpour, Ghodratollah Rostami Paydar, Bakhtiar Feizizadeh, Thomas Blaschke, Amin Beiranvand Pour, Khalil Valizadeh Kamran, Aidy M Muslim, Mohammad Shawkat Hossain
Chlorite/epidote is mapped in MF fraction image of n-D class #7 (Figure 5(D)), which shows identical spatial distribution with MF fraction image of n-D class #5 and related background lithologies (see Figure 5(B,D)). Figure 5 (E) shows MF fraction image of n-D class #8, which exhibits sub-pixel abundances of goethite, haematite and limonite in the study area. Most of the lithological units containing moderate to high surface distribution of iron oxide/hydroxides mineral group. MF fraction image of n-D class #9 shows spatial distribution of iron oxide/hydroxides and Mg, Fe-OH mineral assemblages (Figure 5(F)), which is almost similar to MF fraction image of n-D class #6 and mainly seen in limestone and dolomitic limestone, calcareous sandstone, sandy dolomite, dolomite and argillaceous dolomite and calcareous shale. Consequently, it is evident that the MF fraction images of n-D class #1 and n-D class #5 feasibly have a relation with hydrothermal alteration minerals associated with gold mineralisation and can be considered as reliable layers to generate the potential map for the study area. However, the sedimentary and metamorphic background must be eliminated and masked.
Geomechanical evaluation of a middle Cambrian unconventional oil and gas play in the southern Georgina Basin, northern Australia
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2021
Reflectance spectroscopy can be used to map selected mineralogy from drill cores and chips. Depending on the wavelengths used, minerals can be identified that are common to many geological units and hydrothermal alteration assemblages, including carbonates, phyllosilicates, quartz, feldspars and sulfates (Clark, 1999; Huntington, 2005). Semi-quantitative mineralogy and associated mineralogical parameters such as relative mineral abundance and changes in mineral composition within a mineral group (e.g. between dolomite and calcite for carbonate minerals) can be extracted from hyperspectral data (Farquhar et al., 2013; Huntington, 2005; Mauger et al., 2007; Schodlok et al., 2016; Zaini et al., 2012). Semi-automated core-logging instruments enable up to 700 m of core to be scanned per day. After data collection and processing, the effective spatial resolution of the mineral logs is 8 mm in the longitudinal direction.