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Reliability Physics and Engineering
Published in Robert Doering, Yoshio Nishi, Handbook of Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology, 2017
Low-cycle fatigue usually refers to stress conditions that only require a few hundred (or few thousand) cycles to produce failure. High-cycle fatigue usually refers to stress conditions which may require hundreds-of-thousands of cycles to produce failure.
The behaviour of hollow section connections under seismic loading
Published in M.A. Jaurrieta, A. Alonso, J.A. Chica, Tubular Structures X, 2017
Failure by fatigue is a progressive failure that may cause fracture at stresses below the tensile strength and that takes two forms, low-cycle fatigue and high-cycle fatigue. High-cycle fatigue is the result of cyclic stressing when the strain is low, the maximum stress in a cycle is less than the yield stress, and 105 or 106 cycles may be required for failure. Low-cycle fatigue is the result of cyclic stressing outside the elastic region and the number of stress cycles necessary to cause failure is generally less than 1000. The strain is high and the maximum stress in any cycle is greater than the yield stress, although less than the static tensile strength of the metal.
Performance of retrofitted steel structures subjected to fatigue loading
Published in Alphose Zingoni, Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 2016
Fatigue is a key component for steel structures that determines the structural performance. Repetitive application of various loading can cause fatigue damage to continuously accumulate even though the loads may be well below the structural capacity of the steel structure. Sustained increases in fatigue damage may lead to progressive failure of the structure, Guo & Chen (2011). Understanding the effects of fatigue base damage with particular focus on steel structures such as steel bridges, has become more important as a result of increased magnitude and frequency of loading due to population increases and reliance on and development of transport infrastructure. Rasidi et al. (2011) classified fatigue failure into two types, low cycle fatigue and high cycle fatigue, dependant on the magnitude of the stress/strain and the number of cycles of the loading. Low cycle fatigue failure occurs when the structure fails after minimal cycles (a few cycles up to a few tens of thousands of cycles) under a large loading. High cycle fatigue failure occurs when the structure fails after a much greater number (several millions) of cycles. The fatigue behaviour and failure of a structural element is dependent on a number of factors including the magnitude of the stress, material properties, temperature, surface finishing and the presence of any defects. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, riveted steel construction increased in popularity as a result of rapid development of the transport system. These riveted structures typically have a design life of 100 years, and are therefore reaching the end of this period and becoming more susceptible to fatigue base failure.
Reliability-based design tool for gas storage in lined rock caverns
Published in Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards, 2023
Davi Rodrigues Damasceno, Johan Spross, Fredrik Johansson
Analysing the number of cycles for an LRC during a lifespan of years, the total number of cycles is obtained. To show the applicability of the reliability-based design tool, it is for simplicity assumed that this value of gives a high-cycle fatigue behaviour since is within the not-so-well-defined transition between high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue behaviours. High-cycle fatigue is associated with elastic deformations in the steel, while low-cycle fatigue has larger strain ranges that may lead to an unstable crack growth in the steel. To analyse low-cycle fatigue, a linear elastic fracture mechanics approach would be needed, as recommended practice related to fatigue cracks (DNVGL RP C210 2015). However, such an approach requires more detailed information about the welds and considerably increases the complexity of the reliability-based analysis, which is not within the scope of this paper.
Cumulative Structural Damage Due to Low Cycle Fatigue: An Energy-Based Approximation
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2021
Pablo Quinde, Amador Terán-Gilmore, Eduardo Reinoso
Within the scope of current seismic design practice, a system may undergo severe plastic behavior during intense seismic events. Normally, a maximum design displacement threshold is established, and the structure is assumed to have a reasonable level of safety against collapse while its maximum displacement demand does not exceed that threshold. The design threshold is usually established by considering the displacement capacity of the system when it is subjected to monotonic increasing deformation. No consideration is usually made in terms of the severity and the number of plastic cycles the structure may undergo during the seismic event. If unchecked, cumulative plastic deformations may lead to excessive degradation of relevant mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength, and deformation capacity. There is strong evidence that, under certain circumstances, the maximum displacement response may not be a good indicator of structural damage, particularly in the case of long-duration ground motions or main event–severe aftershock sequences or, as it is the case of soft sites like the one under Mexico City, strong and long-duration earthquakes every 10 to 20 years. These events usually lead to failure of structural elements at deformation levels that are significantly lower than those established for monotonic loading (Arroyo and Ordaz 2006; Bojorquez et al. 2009; Chai 2005; Cheng, Lucchini, and Mollaioli 2015; Choi and Kim 2009; Cosenza and Manfredi 1996; Donaire-Ávila et al. 2017; Fajfar 1992; Kalkan and Kunnath 2008; Kunnath and Chai 2004; Leelataviwat, Saewon, and Goel 2009; Malhotra 2002; Mollaioli and Bosi 2012; Teran-Gilmore and Jirsa 2005; Trifunac 2008). This type of failure is usually addressed as low cycle fatigue.
Catalogue of NIMS fatigue data sheets
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2019
Yoshiyuki Furuya, Hideaki Nishikawa, Hisashi Hirukawa, Nobuo Nagashima, Etsuo Takeuchi
The low-cycle fatigue properties chiefly reveal fatigue damage caused by cyclic plastic deformation. Figure 4 shows examples of constant strain amplitude test results. The total strain, which is controlled in low-cycle fatigue tests, is divided into plastic and elastic strains. The high strain regions in which the plastic strains exceed the elastic strains are the low-cycle fatigue regions to which the Manson-Coffin law applies. The low-cycle fatigue regions vary with the ductility of the materials, i.e., the region is wide in ductile materials such as pure titanium, while it is narrow in less ductile materials such as Ti-6Al-4V alloy.