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Sludge Composting
Published in Alice B. Outwater, Reuse of Sludge and Minor Wastewater Residuals, 2020
General and landscape contractors are also a major market for compost. Once the product is publicized, selling or giving compost to landscape contractors can result in lines of trucks outside the composting facilities. Where markets have been established, loam production can represent a significant compost market. By mixing compost with sandy soil in a volumetric compost-to-soil ratio of from 1:2 to 1:5, compost can be transformed into loam.
Weathering and Soils
Published in Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough, Earth Materials, 2019
Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough
Certain soils are better suited for agriculture than others are, and soils can be rated based on their fertility and a closely related property, productivity. Soil fertility is a measure of the amount of nutrients, organic matter, biota, and other components that are present and promote plant growth. Sixteen nutrients are considered essential, and most of them must come from mineral matter (Table 11.5). Though needs of different plants vary, the necessary nutrients, organic matter, and biota are generally present in a soil called loam, and loam is considered the closest to an ideal soil for many crops, especially corn and small grains. Soils with a loamy texture have enough pore space to deliver water and provide good root penetration for crop growth.
Soil Physical and Drainage Properties
Published in L.B. (Bert) McCarty, Golf Turf Management, 2018
The term “loam” implies the soil possesses properties of all three particle fractions (sand, silt, and clay), but none to a dominant degree. If one particular particle size sufficiently alters the properties of the soil, then a modifying term is used (e.g., clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam). Loam-textured soils are generally considered to possess the best overall physical properties for plant growth.
Phytoremediation assessment of Euphorbia granulata from 10 remote areas with different local climates and heavy metals composition
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2023
Origin, texture, water sources, pH and organic matter are important factors, influencing the elemental composition of soil and plant (Khan et al. 2015; Yap et al. 2009). The pH in this study was between 6.47 and 6.87 in various sites, which was well within the optimum range (5.5–6.5) recommended for agrarian soil (Gentili et al. 2018). Uniformity of soil pH across the study sites suggested that bioavailability and accumulation of HMs by the plant might be slightly influenced due to soil acidity. While studying the phytoremediation potential of 7 local plants in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, Al-Qahtani (2012) recorded higher soil pH (6.7–7.6) than we recorded for this study. Higher soil pH (8.05–8.13) was also registered by Usman, Al-Ghouti, and Abu-Dieyeh (2019) for soil collected from the rhizosphere of Tetraena qataranse growing in Qatar University campus and Ras Laffan oil and gas facilities, Qatar. Regarding the soil texture, based on sand, clay and silt composition the textural class of soil samples from all studied sites was loamy (Ashworth et al. 2001). Due to desirable proportion of sand, clay and silt, loamy soil is considered a preferable textural class for optimum physiological activities of plants. This study detected 2.73 − 3.85% OM in various soils. The recommended optimum range of OM for agricultural soil is 1–5% (Busse et al. 2019). The level of OM in soil is an important variable influencing the bioavailability of HMs in soil. Our results indicate that HMs uptake and consequently BAC values in this research were influenced by the combined effects of soil variables.
Experimental evaluation of sustainable geopolymer mortars developed from loam natural soil
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2020
Muhammad Ramzan Abdul Karim, Ehsan Ul Haq, Muhammad Asif Hussain, Khurram Imran Khan, Muhammad Nadeem, Muhammad Atif, Arsalan Ul Haq, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Mubasher Alam
Loam natural soil is composed of different types of clays mixtures, silts, and sands. The clays and silts both are aluminosilicates, silt being relatively greater in particle size. The compositions vary according the source and land of the region in various parts of the world (Tümsavaş et al. 2019). Clays and silt naturally contain higher amounts of alumina and silica which can be used as precursor required for geopolymerization (Cai, Liu, and Zheng 2019). Geopolymerization reaction occurs in four steps: (i) the oxides of Al and Si are dissolved from the raw material of aluminosilicates by the attack of strong alkaline solution, (ii) oligomers are formed when Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si bonds polymerize, (iii) the formed oligomers at second step undergo polycondensation to give a three-dimensional network, (iv) and finally the remaining particles of the solid filler material make bond with the network of aluminosilicates resulting in a further stable and strong structure (Ul Haq, Padmanabhan, and Licciulli 2014; Thakur, Thakur, and Ghosh 2009; Izquierdo et al. 2009). For the geopolymerization reaction, the ingredients of soil like silts and clays are activated as they are the source of silica and alumina while sand could be proved as reinforcement. Luckily all these ingredients are available in a greatly abundant natural matter such as loam soil (Cai, Liu, and Zheng 2019).