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Inorganic Nanoparticles Gas Sensors
Published in Claudia Altavilla, Enrico Ciliberto, Inorganic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Applications, and Perspectives, 2017
B.R. Mehta, V.N. Singh, Manika Khanuja
Hydrogen sensors are important for the safe deployment of all hydrogen-based devices like fuel cells, nuclear reactors, space crafts, etc. This is due to the fact that 4% of hydro-gen–air mixture causes explosion. The fact that hydrogen is colorless, odorless, and of low mass makes its detection a challenging task. In nuclear reactors, there is a need to frequently measure hydrogen content that can otherwise explode if not properly contained. In nuclear reactor, hydrogen sensor should be capable of measuring hydrogen at high temperatures (in the range of 1650°C) and pressure ranging from less than 1 atmosphere to thousands of atmospheres in the presence of fission products and steam. In fuel cells, two types of hydrogen sensors are required; the first will measure the quality of the hydrogen-fed gas and second, more important, hydrogen sensor for leak detection. These sensors operate from –50°C to 65°C.
Array sensors online pattern recognition based on FCM and ANFIS
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2021
This paper deals with the pattern recognition of four gases, alcohol, CH4, CO and (H2)4. The sensor is MQ-3 alcohol sensor, MQ-4 methane sensor, MQ-7 carbon monoxide sensor, MQ-8 hydrogen sensor, which is produced by Zhengzhou Weisheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. The selected sensors are semiconductor resistive sensors. STM32F103VET6 is used as the minimum system of single-chip microcomputer. The schematic diagram of the test system is shown in Figure 2. In this paper, mixed gas detection is carried out at 20°C, 50%RH. There are 15 models for pattern recognition of the 4 gases, 20 tests for each model, and 300 sets of test samples.150 groups were taken as FCM clustering samples, 150 groups as test samples, and some experimental data as shown in Table 1.
Numerical and experimental investigation of partial oxidation of methane in a porous media to achieve optimum hydrogen production
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Mohammad Reza Shahnazari, Mir Hedayat Moosavi, Ali Saberi
As can be seen in Figure 2, spherical Al2O3 particles are used as the porous media. Tubes made of quartz have been used as the reaction chamber. An analyzer device and a hydrogen sensor have been used for analyzing the combustion products and measuring the amount of , respectively. The properties of the porous media and the accuracies of both devices are given in Table 1 and Table 2. The temperatures are measured by C-type thermocouples with accuracies of ±5% and ±1%, which are located on the longitudinal axis with equal distances. The thermocouples are protected with an A-type ceramic sheath in order to prevent damages during long-duration experiments (Figure 3).
Edge and surface antiferromagnetism in ABO3 perovskite-type nanoparticle within the effective field theory
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2020
The perovskite is the specialised name of the group of materials which is shown by ABX3 (A = Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, La, and Gd; B = Nb, W, Ce, Zr, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ga; X = O, and F) general formula. The mineral CaTiO3 was the first such compound identified by Gustav Rose in a sample sent to him by August Alexander Kämmerer. The new-found mineral, once identified, was named as Perovskite, the original name of which belonged to the Napoleonic War veteran and mineralogist called Count Lev A. Perovsky, by Kämmerer's request [1]. Perovskites display rich physical and chemical properties [2,3] as they are composed of various ionic elements. For instance, they have applications such as proton conductivity properties in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), hydrogen sensor and hydrogen production and removal [4–6], ionic conductivity properties in solid electrolytes [7], mixed conductivity properties in SOFC electrodes [8–10], ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties in thermistors and actuators [11,12], optical properties in electro-optic modulators and lasers [13–16], superconductivity properties in superconductivity applications [17–19] and magnetic properties in magnetic memory applications [20–22].