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Processing and recycling of timber
Published in Peter Domone, John Illston, Construction Materials, 2018
The fibrous mass is usually mixed with hot water and formed into a mat on a wire mesh; the mat is then cut into lengths and, like particleboard, pressed in a multi-platen hot press at a temperature of from 180 to 210°C. The board produced is smooth on one side only, the underside bearing the imprint of the wire mesh. By modifying the pressure applied in the final pressing, boards of a wide range of density are produced, ranging from softboard (with a density of less than 400 kg/m3) through mediumboard (with a density range of 400–900 kg/m3) to hardboard (with a density exceeding 900 kg/m3). Fibreboard, like the other board products, is moisture sensitive, but in the case of hardboard a certain degree of resistance can be obtained by passing the material through a hot oil bath, thereby imparting a high degree of water repellency to the material, which is referred to as tempered hardboard.
Processing and recycling of timber
Published in Marios Soutsos, Peter Domone, Construction Materials, 2017
The fibrous mass is usually mixed with hot water and formed into a mat on a wire mesh; the mat is then cut into lengths and, like particleboard, pressed in a multi-platen hot press at a temperature of from 180°C to 210°C; the board produced is smooth on only one side, the underside bearing the imprint of the wire mesh. By modifying the pressure applied in the final pressing, boards of a wide range of density are produced ranging from softboard with a density less than 400 kg/m3, to medium board with a density range of 400–900 kg/m3, to hardboard with a density exceeding 900 kg/m3. Fibreboard, like the other board products, is moisture sensitive, but in the case of hardboard, a certain degree of resistance can be obtained by the passage of the material through a hot oil bath thereby imparting a high degree of water repellency; this material is referred to as tempered hardboard.
Joint Treatment of Liquid Wastes of Wet Process Hardboard and Formica Plant
Published in Bell John W., Proceedings of the 44th Industrial Waste Conference May 9, 10, 11, 1989, 1990
Veysel Eroglu, Hasan AH San, Hasan Z. Sarikaya
Hardboard is a compressed form of fibered low quality wood with a density of about 0.5 g/cm3. Production of hardboard by the wet process method is usually accomplished by thermomechanical fiberization of the raw wood material. Dilution of the wood with water is followed by forming of a wet mat to a desired thickness on a forming machine. This wet mat is then pressed either wet or dried and pressed. Chemicals are added to improve or help the overall strength, stiffness, hardness, finishing properties, resistance to moisture, uniformity, etc.1,2 There are two important process in hard-board manufacturing industries in which the fibers are carried and formed into the lap and consequently to the board. The first is the wet process in which water is used as the carrying medium and second is the dry process in which air performs the same task. A wet process industry is analyzed in this chapter.
Experimental and numerical study on smoke evolution in polyethylene (PE) slabs enclosed compartment fire
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2020
Di Wang, Long Shi, Chunjie Zhai, Junhui Gong, Jing Li, Xuanya Liu
Compartment fire experiments dealing with noncombustible walls have been performed a lot emphasizing on diverse aspects. Hu (2005) conducted full-scale tests in a corridor and discussed the changes of smoke temperature and velocity. Loo, Coppalle, and Yon (2016) measured the mass loss rate of fuel, smoke concentration, several gas concentrations, and compartment temperature based on a series of small-scale compartment fire tests. Crewe, Stec, and Walker (2014) experimentally examined the smoke temperature, CO and CO2 concentrations, toxicity of smoke, and the effect of fire load. He (Crewe, Hidalgo, SRensen 2018) also studied the fire growth and combustion behaviors in the two-room filled with melamine urea acid ester (PIR) and asbestos slab layer. Woolley, Raftery, and Ames (1980) studied the effects of different wall materials, including chipboard, fiber insulation, hardboard, plasterboard, and polystyrene on smoke density and generation rate.
Integrated optimisation on flow-shop production with cutting stock
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
Weihao Wang, Zhongshun Shi, Leyuan Shi, Qingbin Zhao
The cutting-stock problem is to find the best way of cutting large stock materials into smaller ones so as to satisfy the customer demand for these small items (Amor and de Carvalho 2005; Reinertsen and Vossen 2010). It is very common in various industries such as glass, steel, paper (Dyson and Gregory 1974; Armbruster 2002; Kallrath et al. 2014) and has earned pretty much attention. Many settings and requirements in industry have also been discussed. Yanasse and Lamosa (2007) used a lagrangian approach to solve an integrated cutting stock and pattern sequencing problem in the wood hardboard industry where the maximum number of open stacks is limited. Poldi and Arenales (2009) dealt with a case where there were a set of different stock lengths available in limited quantities. Reinertsen and Vossen (2010) took into account the due date of orders in cutting-stock problem so as to meet customer demand while minimising waste. Cui et al. (2017) proposed a heuristic algorithm for the one-dimensional cutting-stock problem with leftovers usable to meet future demands. Wuttke and Heese (2018) studied a two-dimensional cutting-stock problem with sequence dependent setup time in the technical textile industry. Reviews of the important mathematical models and algorithms for the cutting-stock problem and related bin packing problem could be found in Lodi et al. (2013) and Delorme, Iori, and Martello (2016). Some of these problems involve the decision of the cutting-stock sequence, but don't consider the subsequent procedures after the cutting-stock process.
Low-cost system for radiometric calibration of UAV-based multispectral imagery
Published in Journal of Spatial Science, 2022
Jorge Tadeu Fim Rosas, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho Pinto, Daniel Marçal de Queiroz, Flora Maria de Melo Villar, Rodrigo Nogueira Martins, Samuel de Assis Silva
Spectralon, which is a fluoropolymer, has been the most used material for making targets for radiometric calibration (Milton et al. 2009). Such popularity is due to its high durability, which preserves its reflectance over a long time (Georgiev and Butler 2007, Milton et al. 2009). However, these panels are expensive, which makes their acquisition difficult. One attempt to resolve this issue is the use of alternative materials. Some alternative materials have been used in recent studies, such as Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) canvas (Herrero-Huerta et al. 2014, Del Pozo et al. 2014), Masonite hardboard painted in greyscale (Wang and Myint 2015, Poncet et al. 2019), and fabrics made from polypropylene (Deng et al. 2018, Guo et al. 2019).