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Binary II-VI and I-VII Tetrahedral Semiconductors
Published in Lev I. Berger, Semiconductor Materials, 2020
The hardness of natural w-CdS (greenockite) is between 3.0 to 3.5 units of the Mohs scale. The microhardness of w-CdS is 0.90 GPa, 0.50 GPa, and 1.25 GPa being measured at 300 K in the directions normal to the planes {0001},{101¯0}, and {112¯0}, respectively.5.94 The w-CdS elastic moduli are c11 = 53.34 GPa, c13= 46.15 GPa, c33 = 93.7 GPa, c44 = 14.87 GPa, c55 = 15.33 GPa, and = 16.3 GPa5.106 (the magnitudes cited in Reference 5.7, p. 29 are c33 = 83.1 GPa, c12 = 50.4 GPa, c13 = 46.2 GPa, C33 = 94.8 GPa, c55 = 15.33 GPa, and cw= 16.3 GPa). The speed of longitudinal and transversal sound waves in CdS is 3.35 km/sec and 1.79 km/sec, respectively (Reference 5.109, p. 84).
Physical Properties of Crystalline Infrared Optical Materials
Published in Paul Klocek, Handbook of Infrared Optical Materials, 2017
James Steve Browder, Stanley S. Ballard, Paul Klocek
Notes: Cadmium sulfide is easily cut, ground, lapped, and polished but is relatively soft. It has negligible water solubility but can be dissolved in acids. Cadmium sulfide’s crystal structure is cubic if it has been chemically precipitated and hexagonal if grown from the vapor phase. Natural-crystal cadmium sulfide is called greenockite. Commercial compensators and retardation plates constructed from this material are available for use in the infrared. Finally, cadmium sulfide is a piezoelectric crystal.
Photodegradation of crystal violet dye in water using octadecylamine-capped CdS nanoparticles synthesized from Cd(II) N,N′-diarylformamidine dithiocarbamates and their 2,2-bipyridine adducts
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Segun D. Oladipo, Bernard Omondi
We report the synthesis and charactization of cadmium(II) complexes of N,N′-diarylformamidine dithiocarbamate and their 2,2-bipyridine adducts. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. X-ray structural analysis of 6 showed that, the Cd(II) metal center was six-coordinate with two pairs of sulfur atoms from two dithiocarbamate ligands and a pair of nitrogen atoms from 2,2-bipyridine rings to adopt a distorted octahedral geometry. Complexes 1, 3 and 5 were used to prepare octadecylamine-capped cadmium sulfide CdS1, CdS3, and CdS5 with sizes ranging from 4 to 9 nm. The powder XRD pattern confirms hexagonal phase (Greenockite, syn CdS) of cadmium sulfide in all the as-synthesized CdS nanoparticles. The as-synthesixed CdS nanoparticles were used as photocatalysts for degradation of crystal violet with degradation efficiencies of 75–84% at 360 min.
Effects of physicochemical properties of Au cyanidation tailings on cyanide microbial degradation
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Cosmos Anning, Michael O. Asare, Wang Junxiang, Geng Yao, Lyu Xianjun
Pb, which is a toxic metal, is present in sulfide minerals, such as galena, greenockite, and cinnabar, from which precious metals, such as Au and Ag, are extracted.[158] During Au cyanidation, Pb undergoes a slow oxidation reaction to form an alkaline-insoluble hydroxide compound, which is discarded as residue in impoundments next to GCTs.[159] Pb(NO3)2 has been used[160] as an additive and is typically added to cyanidation solutions to reduce the chemical activity of Au particles and boost Au leaching. The content of Pb(OH)2 in GCTs is typically decreased via adsorption onto activated carbon.[158] However, a small quantity of Pb in GCTs forms stable lead–cyanide complexes, which release free CN− over time.[161] The growth of microbes in the presence of Pb in GCTs favors CN− degradation[162]; hence, Pb2+ bacterial growth inhibition leads to a decrease in bacterial CN− degradation efficiency. Dursun et al.[155] reported a complete growth inhibition for Aspergillus niger inoculated into a cyanidation effluent containing 500 mg/L of Pb2+ ions. However, Pb2+ ions (initial concentration of 100 mg/L) were completely removed from the waste medium. Finding a suitable microorganism that can degrade CN− and withstand Pb2+ growth inhibition is required for successful biodegradation of CN− in GCTs.