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A Consortium of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Used for Lead, Copper, and Cadmium Bioremediation
Published in Vineet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Garg, Sunil Kumar, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Omics for Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Systems, 2023
Julia Mariana Márquez-Reyes, Julián Gamboa-Delgado, Fatima Estefanía Soto-Zamora, Juan Antonio Vidales-Contreras, Humberto Rodríguez-Fuentes, Alejandro Isabel Luna-Maldonado, Celestino García-Gómez
The SRB consortium isolated from the contaminated site was established in batch reactors that contained salts (1 g/L NH4Cl; 0.5 g/L KH2PO4; 4.5 g/L Na2SO4; 0.04 g/L CaCl2·2H2O; 0.06 g/L MgSO4·7H2O; 0.004 g/L FeSO4·7H2O), 1 g of peat moss, and different concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb (5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 mg/L). In the presence of cadmium, the highest production of hydrogen sulfide occurred at 5 mg/L (0.55 mM H2S/mg SSV); however, a decrease in the specific production of hydrogen sulfide was observed as the cadmium concentration increased (Figure 15.3). When hydrogen sulfide reacts with free cadmium, a yellow precipitate characteristic of cadmium sulfide is formed (Espinosa-Rosas, 2010). It has been previously reported that the sulfate reduction process and the growth of SRB can be inhibited with cadmium concentrations higher than 4 and 20 mg/L, respectively (López-Pérez et al., 2015).
Heavy Metals
Published in Abhik Gupta, Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination of Surface and Underground Water, 2020
Cadmium (Cd) has an atomic number of 48, an atomic mass of 112.411, and a density of 8.65 g cm–3. Cd has many similarities with zinc (Zn) and is associated with Zn in mineral deposits. It is a soft, bluish, ductile metal that is highly resistant to corrosion, and consequently finds extensive use in electroplating and other industrial applications. A major use of cadmium is in rechargeable nickel–cadmium or Ni–Cad batteries. Cadmium has a low coefficient of friction and high fatigue resistance, and is consequently used in alloys for making bearings. Cadmium compounds are used in television picture tubes. Cadmium stearate is used as a heat stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. Other salts like cadmium sulfide and cadmium sulfoselenide are used as pigments in plastics and dyes, and cadmium sulfide is also used in solar cells (Callender 2003; Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety 2012).
Optical Thin Film Materials
Published in Andrew Sarangan, Optical Thin Film Design, 2020
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is a high-index semiconducting material with a bandgap of 2.42 eV (λg = 512 nm) (Figure 2.14). Thin films of CdS are commonly produced by sputter deposition. It is used as the active film in photocells (photoconductors) and in thin-film solar cells.
Cadmium in Chinese coals: Abundance, distribution, occurrence, and environmental effects
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Siwei Cheng, Guijian Liu, Yuan Liu, Dun Wu
Cadmium (Cd) is a naturally occurring trace element, its alloys and compounds are used by several industries since the industrial revolution in the early 19th century. For example, Cd is used as color pigment for plastics, ceramics, and glasses; stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride products against heat and light; engineering coatings on steel and some nonferrous metals; and most commonly, active electrode materials in Ni-Cd batteries. Cadmium salts have been used in a limited capacity as a fungicide for golf courses and home lawns. Cadmium sulfide and Cd telluride are used in solar cells and a variety of electronic devices which depends on Cd's semiconducting properties.