Granular convection

Convection

Published in Greg F. Naterer, Advanced Heat Transfer, 2018

Gravitational convection is similar to natural convection but arises from buoyancy forces due to property variations other than temperature, such as concentration (also called solutal convection). For example, variable salinity is a significant factor of convection in the oceans. Thermomagnetic convection may occur when an external magnetic field in the presence of a temperature gradient leads to a nonuniform magnetic body force and fluid movement. Another less common mode of convection, called granular convection, occurs in powders and granulated materials in containers as a result of surface vibrations. When an axis of vibration in a container is parallel to the gravitational force, a slow relative movement of particles may occur along the sides when the container accelerates in the vertical direction.

Numerical study on long-term monopile foundation response

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Journal Information

Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2018

Song-Hun Chong, Cesar Pasten

Figure 8c shows the evolution of lateral load resistance with the number of cycles. The repetitive lateral load enhances the lateral load resistance due to soil densification along the pile. In fact, the previous experimental investigation into the long-term pile response revealed that the sediment surrounding the pile subjected to cyclic horizontal load undergoes the densification with granular convection related to particle rearrangement and constant sliding (Cuéllar, Baeßler, and Rücker 2009). Thus, we confirm that finite element analysis involved with the fundamental features is capable of simulating the grain migration and soil convection.

Granular convection

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Convection

Numerical study on long-term monopile foundation response