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Quantitative tectonofractography – An appraisal
Published in Hans-Peter Rossmanith, Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock, 2018
Fractography concerns the analysis of fracture surface morphology (or fracture markings) and related features, and their causes and mechanisms in engineering materials. Woodworth (1895, 1896) set the stage for the science of fractography by astute observations of the morphology of joints in geologic exposures. He also noted the essential morphologic similarities between fracture markings in glass samples and rock outcrops. Following the spectacular experimental fracture results by De Freminville (1914), Preston (1931) recognized that a fracture surface constitutes specific morphological features in a logical order. The realization that the stippled perimeter of the smooth mirror surface defines its boundary (Fig. 1) (Smekal 1936, 1940; Terao 1953; Shand 1954) enabled the estimation of fracture stress by fractography. The estimation of fracture stress has become the most elaborate topic of quantitative fractography, and this topic will be at the centre of this study.
Failure Analysis
Published in David W. Richerson, William E. Lee, Modern Ceramic Engineering, 2018
David W. Richerson, William E. Lee
Fractography is a powerful tool to the engineer in helping to determine the cause of a component or system failure. Well-defined features usually present on the fracture surface of a ceramic provide the engineer with useful information regarding the place where fracture initiated, the cause of fracture, the tensile stress at the point of failure, and the nature of the surrounding stress distribution. This information helps the engineer to determine if the failure was design or material initiated and provides direction in finding a solution. It can also help in achieving process or product improvement. Finally, it can help determine legal liability for personal or property damage.
Fracture, fatigue, and creep of metals
Published in Gregory N. Haidemenopoulos, Physical Metallurgy, 2018
The examination of the fracture surface either with the naked eye, a magnifying glass or the electron microscope can provide valuable information on the type of fracture. The study of fracture surfaces is called fractography and is one of the main procedures of a failure analysis investigation of structural components.
Fracture mode classification by texture analysis of fracture surface scanning electron microscope images
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials: Methods, 2022
Akihiro Endo, Yoshiyuki Furuya, Kenji Nagata, Hideki Yoshikawa, Hayaru Shouno
Fractography is a practical method of determining the cause of a mechanical-structure failure[1–3]. When a metallic material fractures, the fracture-surface exhibits features that correspond to a fracture-mode. Fractography is an inverse estimation of the fracture mode by using fracture-surface features. For example, dimples can be observed on a fracture surface when a ductile fracture occurs owing to overload, whereas, in the case of a fatigue fracture, the fracture surface exhibits striations. However, there are many cases in which no striations are observed, even on fatigue-fracture surfaces. Such fracture surfaces are referred to here as microstructure-dependent (MD) fracture surfaces. In the case of a brittle fracture, features such as cleavage are observed. Additionally, intergranular cracking and quasi cleavage are observed in the case of hydrogen embrittlement.
Fracture mechanisms of spinodal alloys
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2018
Arpan Das, Chandra Bhanu Basak
The fractography is arguably the most important technique available to the engineering failure analyst. In current days, fractography is used extensively in fundamental investigations of fracture to predict the behaviour of materials in service and also for analysis of the reasons for service failures [52]. The tensile fracture surfaces were examined using . Typical fractographic features were recorded under secondary electron imaging mode. Examination of all fracture surfaces at higher magnification revealed the presence of dimples and wavy tearing ridges. A set of fields were examined at an operating voltage of 20 kV throughout in the centre of all the fractured specimens. Suitable magnifications (500–30,000 X) were used so that representative fracture features would be recorded from the fractured specimens. All the fractographic features were recorded from the centre of the broken specimens' surfaces and it was kept approximately perpendicular to the tensile stress axis. Representative fractographs for all specimens are presented in Figure 6(–). The void nucleation sites were not at all visible in any of the fracture surfaces. Neither any second phase particles nor any inclusions/defects were seen on the fracture surfaces of all the broken tensile pieces.
Mechanical characterization and fractographic study of the carbon/PEI composite under static and fatigue loading
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
T. C. Silva, D. V. O. Moraes, G. F. M. Morgado, V. O. Gonçalves, D. H. S. Costa, T. P. Z. Marques, F. R. Passador, M. C. Rezende
Considering the few works in the literature involving the fatigue behavior of carbon/PEI, this work investigated the mechanical behavior of this composite under static and fatigue loadings. For this, the carbon/PEI composite was characterized by tensile and fatigue tests. The discussion of the results was complemented by a fractographic study of the fractured surfaces of the composite. Fractographic analysis is an important tool, contributing to investigate the causes of failures, correlating the action of the main failure mechanisms during the fracture process with the loading characteristics and material microstructure [11–16, 26, 27].