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Nanoindentation of Tooth Tissues
Published in Michelle L. Oyen, Handbook of Nanoindentation with biological applications, 2019
The consumption of soft-, sport-, and energy-drinks has increased significantly over the last few years. The refreshing taste of many soft drinks and fruit juices is based mainly on their content of different acids. Beyond improving taste, acids in soft drinks may exhibit additional functions, such as preservation or stabilization of the drinks. It is known that an acidic environment has potential harmful effects—namely dental erosion—on dental hard tissues, especially the outermost enamel. During erosion, calcium and phosphate ions are dissolved from the enamel, which eventually leads to a collapse of the enamel surface structure and loss of the outermost enamel layers. A key factor for soft drinks on the erosion of dental enamel is related to the early stages of enamel demineralization at the tooth-soft drink interface, as at this stage the demineralization process was assumed to be reversible by saliva-induced remineralization. Nevertheless, evaluation of the early stages of enamel demineralization was not accessible for investigation until recently due to a lack of suitable technology.
Nanoindentation of Teeth: A Hard but Tough Hybrid Functionally Graded Composite
Published in Arjun Dey, Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Nanoindentation of Natural Materials, 2018
Nilormi Biswas, Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Arjun Dey
Tooth microstructure is an important factor in determining resilience against damage accumulation. It has specialized hierarchical structure starting from the smallest level to its final macrostructure. The load-bearing capacity of teeth is limited by the susceptibility of the enamel to fracture. However, tooth enamel is far from homogeneous and isotropic. The outer covering of the tooth is the enamel, the hardest substance of the human body. The second layer of tissue is the dentine. It is comparatively a much softer layer than enamel. It is bound to the hard enamel by a specialized layer, the dentine-enamel junction. Deeper inside, the tooth is composed of vascularized soft connective tissue—dental pulp (Figure 3.1) [1]. The surface layer of tooth root is a thin layer of bony material, the cementum.
The Amazing Architecture of the Human Immune System
Published in Rocky Dr. Termanini, The Nano Age of Digital Immunity Infrastructure Fundamentals and Applications, 2018
All body parts can repair themselves (except teeth). Innate human biology allows us to repair ourselves pretty easily for the most part. While any serious damage to the body can take a long time to heal, all our body parts have the ability to start healing and regenerating on their own—except teeth. Since the enamel of teeth is not a living tissue, it cannot regenerate, even if the injury goes deep enough to damage the living part of the tooth. That’s why a chipped tooth always takes a visit to the dentist to be entirely fixed.
Enhanced reactivity of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate with fluoride ions by coating with apatite nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2021
Natsuki Okajima, Masamoto Tafu, Takeshi Toshima, Masafumi Takada, Yoshiaki Hagino
Calcium phosphates are promising materials for various clinical applications because of their desirable biocompatibilities. In aqueous solutions, calcium phosphates are converted to another form with a lower solubility. This conversion reaction is observed in various applications, such as during the self-setting of calcium phosphate cement, which comprises calcium phosphate and other chemicals [1]. It also takes place when applying acidic fluoride solutions to dental enamel surfaces to prevent dental caries [2]. Inorganic dental enamel consists of hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), which transforms into dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD, CaHPO4·2H2O) under acidic conditions [3]. The more stable fluorapatite (FAp, Ca10(PO4)6F2) can then form via a reaction between the DCPD intermediate and fluoride ions [4,5]. Our research group investigated the use of this conversion of DCPD to FAp for the removal of fluoride ions in a water environment.
A comparative evaluation of penetration depth and surface microhardness of Resin Infiltrant, CPP-ACPF and Novamin on enamel demineralization after banding: an in vitro study
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2021
Nishita Rana, Namita Singh, Abi. M. Thomas, Rajan Jairath
Enamel decalcification adjacent to fixed orthodontic appliances is a predominant iatrogenic effect of orthodontic therapy. Enamel is an acellular tissue, and caries acts upon it through a chemical process. Thus, unlike other tissues, enamel cannot heal by cellular repair mechanism. It is a well-established fact that the formation of incipient lesions is a reversible process, where periods of demineralization alternates with periods of remineralization [17]. The caries prevention around orthodontic bands can be fortified using fluoride-releasing cements; however, these do not deter enamel demineralization under loose bands or at sites where cement has disintegrated. In a highly conducive environment, these lesions rapidly progress. If left untreated, they often develop into carious cavitations.
Influence of resin cement thickness and temperature variation on mechanical behavior of dental ceramic fragment restoration
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Ana Paula Martini, Fernando Isquierdo de Souza, Rodolfo Bruniera Anchieta, Erika Oliveira de Almeida, Amilcar Chagas Freitas Junior, Eduardo Passos Rocha
New-generation all-ceramic restorations are particularly suited for situations of erosion or abrasion, where it is necessary to replace or restore damaged enamel and dentin; malpositioned or diastematic teeth; and the restorations of teeth incongruous in shape or color due to extended, poor-quality composite fillings or repair (Conrad et al. 2007; Cortellini and Canale 2012). The higher bond strength of hydrofluoridric etchable ceramics on tooth structures has increased ceramic indications, and its use has been broadened significantly, resulting in newer preparation designs (Grütter and Vailati 2013; Vailati et al. 2012), as these restorations have increased fracture strength after adhesive cementation (Seydler et al. 2014; Silva et al. 2012). As the indications of dental ceramics have been extended and combined with newer preparation designs, clinical and technical procedures have become more sensitive (Magne, Versluis, et al. 1999).