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Properties of Electroactive Polymers
Published in Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Adil A. Gobouri, Electroactive Polymeric Materials, 2022
Electrostrictive polymers have an inherent electrical polarization. The change in the dipole density of the material causes electrostriction. These polymers contain nanocrystalline or molecular polarizations from the applied electric field effect.
Study of Polar Region Atmospheric Electric Field Impact on Human Beings and the Potential Solution by IPMC
Published in Srijan Bhattacharya, Ionic Polymer–Metal Composites, 2022
Suman Das, Srijan Bhattacharya, Subrata Chattopadhyay
The limitation of such types of EAPs is the requirement of sustained electrolyte wetness that makes their efficiency relatively lower in comparison with other forms of EAPs. The ionic diffusion also makes the actuation speed as well as the processing speed slower. An electronic EAP creates an electric field between the electrodes on a film-shaped polymer material. The piezoelectric polymers, such as PVDF, exhibit a linear relation between the electric field and the generated strain, but produce a low strain. For activation, high voltage levels (>10 V/mm) are required, which may be close to the breakdown level of the dielectric constant of the polymer. As the actuation is independent of diffusion of charge carriers, these types of EAP materials possess fast response speed (milliseconds). Examples of these materials include electrostrictive, electrostatic, piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials [15–18].
Nonlinear Optics
Published in Chunlei Guo, Subhash Chandra Singh, Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications, 2021
Electrostriction is the tendency of materials to become compressed in the presence of a static or oscillating electric field. Since for most materials the refractive index increases with material density, this process leads to a positive value of χ(3), typically of the order of 10−20 m2 V−2. The response time of electrostriction is typically of the order of 1 ns. The contribution to the third-order susceptibility resulting from electrostriction can be expressed as χ(3)=13ε0CTγe2
Variational formulations for boundary problems of electrostriction
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2020
Jerzy Wyrwał, Andrzej Marynowicz, Jadwiga Świrska-Perkowska
Electrostriction is a result of a decrease in potential energy of dipoles induced by an external electric field applied to the medium. Applying an electric field to electrostrictive material causes its deformation, although this deformation does not depend on the electric field’s strength sign (the change in dimensions takes place in one direction, regardless of the direction of the applied electric field). In the case of electrostriction, in contrast to the inverse piezoelectric effect, the deformation of material or stress created therein is a quadratic, not a linear function, of the external electric field’s intensity. Electrostriction is observed both in materials with a center of symmetry and in materials without a center of symmetry. This phenomenon is much weaker than the inverse piezoelectric effect and plays an important role only in the case of dielectrics without piezoelectric properties, that is, in crystals having a center of symmetry and in amorphous bodies. The most commonly used electrostrictive materials include: dielectric elastomers, electroactive polymers and electrostatic ceramics. Experimental research and analysis of electroactive behavior of ceramics, subjected to the impact of a dynamic electric field, together with an attempt to evaluate the contribution of individual electrical phenomena to total material deformation can be found in the paper by Viola et al. [1].
Dynamic modeling of a dielectric elastomeric spherical actuator: an energy-based approach
Published in Soft Materials, 2021
In addition, the dielectric material shows a special phenomenon with an application of electric field in which the mechanical deformation takes place through the electric polarization, and this phenomenon is known as electrostriction.[7,8] On the other hand, dielectric materials also have the only one limitation of the electrostriction phenomenon is the need of a relatively high electric field.[9] However, this limitation may be controlled with the help of an electro-mechanical instability phenomenon.[10,11] Accordingly, we present the static and dynamic response of a dielectric elastomeric spherical actuator under an inflation pressure, which demonstrates a relatively low electric field for a large deformation.