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Electrochromics for Smart Windows
Published in Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, J. Paulo Davim, Functional and Smart Materials, 2020
A. Henni, Y. Bouznit, D. Zerrouki, D. Selloum
Electrochromism is part of green nanotechnologies that have a major interest in fenestration in energy-efficient buildings. Unlike many other “green” technologies, electrochromism, based on oxides films, is not used the rare earth elements whose availability and cost remains a major problem.
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
Published in Vijay B. Pawade, Paresh H. Salame, Bharat A. Bhanvase, Multifunctional Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices, 2020
R. Rakesh Kumar, K. Uday Kumar, D. Haranath
TMOs are the most attracted and potential materials for electrochromic applications [200,201]. TMO applications range in many technologies, including smart windows [201,202], rearview mirrors [203], electrochromic displays [204], and sensors [205]. Electrochromism refers to a reversible change in color state to the transparent state under the insertion or extraction of charge by application of small voltages.
Electrochromism And Electrochromic Devices
Published in P.J. Gellings, H.J.M. Bouwmeester, Electrochemistry, 2019
An electrochromic material is able to change its optical properties when a voltage is applied across it. The optical properties should be reversible, i.e., the original state should be recoverable if the polarity of the voltage is changed. These properties make electrochromic materials of considerable interest for optical devices of several different types, such as elements for information display, light shutters, smart windows, variable-reflectance mirrors, and variable-emittance thermal radiators. This chapter reviews the basic materials background and the state of the art for electrochromic devices. Electrochromism is well known in numerous inorganic and organic substances; the chapter is devoted to the former class. Almost all of the interesting materials are oxides that are employed in the form of thin films.
Effect of precursor solution stirring time on the electrochromic performance of tungsten oxide films
Published in Surface Engineering, 2020
Benedict Wen-Cheun Au, Kah-Yoong Chan
Electrochromism is the phenomena of reversible change of colour of thin films under an applied voltage [1]. The ability of colour change in thin films is important in applications such as smart windows [2], rear-view mirrors [3] and gas sensors [4]. Since the discovery by Deb during the 1970s, electrochromism has gained widespread interest and substantial efforts have been made to study electrochromic (EC) materials and potential devices [5]. During colour change, the intercalation and deintercalation of ions (H+, Li+, Na+) take place which is controlled by the applied voltage between the two transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layers [6]. Among many transition metal oxides, tungsten oxide (WO3) is one of the popular EC material owing to its many interesting optical and structural properties [7,8].
Comparison of vanadium oxide thin films deposited from commercial and solution combustion synthesised powders
Published in Surface Engineering, 2020
M. Seref Sonmez, Esma Yilmaz, Duygu Kalkan, Esra Ozkan Zayim
Electrochromic materials changed their colour by intercalating metal ions and electrons (coloured state) and showed reversibility from coloured state to the bleached state by de-intercalating metal ions and electrons. Furthermore, coloration efficiency (CE) was used in order to point out the difference in optical density (OD) variation per unit area of charge (Q) intercalated/deintercalated in the system [34]. ECD having higher CE value exhibited larger optical variation range that could be succeeding even with a small intercalation/deintercalation ion number [35]. It was calculated by Equation (5):where ΔOD is the optical transmittance change as a function of natural logarithm of the bleached (deintercalation of Li+ ion or discharge of the thin film, Tb) and coloured (intercalation of Li+ ion or charge of the thin film, Tc) states’ transmittance values, Qi is the amount of the charge during intercalation which was found by integrating area under the curve of CA graph (Figure 5(b)). CE value was found to be 36.8 cm2 C−1 at 630 nm. This value was compatible with the previous studies [13,36].
Molecular design of supramolecular polymers with chelated units and their application as functional materials
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Igor E. Uflyand, Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
In recent years, MEPEs have been widely developed as a new field of electrochromic applications [160]. As the applied potential is increased, the metal centers are oxidized to a higher valence state, and the MLCT decreases. In particular, MEPEs readily form thin films with high optical quality using a variety of methods, including layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition or a coating with linear and continuous film growth [161]. In addition, MEPE thin films immobilized on transparent conductive electrodes show the desired electrochromic properties with high switching rate and low switching potential, since a change in the redox state is usually associated with a change in optical properties. These films can be used for electronic displays and devices, such as electronic papers or electrochromic windows (smart windows).