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Introduction to Textile Printing
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Principles of Textile Printing, 2023
Traditional textile printing techniques may be broadly categorized into four styles: Direct style of printing, in which colorants containing dyes, thickeners and the mordants or substances necessary for fixing the color on the cloth are mixed to make printing paste and printed on the fabric in the desired pattern.Mordant style of printing, in which the fabric is printed with one or more mordants in the desired pattern prior to dyeing of cloth; the color adheres only in portions where the mordant was printed.Resist style of printing, in which a wax or other resisting substance which prevents penetration of color into the fabric is used. The fabric is printed with the resisting agent followed by quick dyeing or padding. The resisted areas do not accept the dye, leaving uncolored patterns against a colored ground. Some colorants may be mixed with resisting agent, which get fixed in the resisted portion resulting in multi-color printing.Discharge printing, in which a reducing agent is printed onto previously dyed fabrics to destroy some or the entire colors in the printed portion. Resist and discharge techniques were particularly fashionable in the 19th century, as were combination techniques in which indigo resist was used to create blue backgrounds prior to block-printing of other colors. Modern industrial printing mainly uses direct printing techniques.
Fabric Dyeing and Printing
Published in Tom Cassidy, Parikshit Goswami, Textile and Clothing Design Technology, 2017
In discharge printing, the fabric is first dyed overall with selected dischargeable dyes by normal dyeing procedure. The dyed fabric is subsequently washed, dried, and printed with a dischargeable chemical (a strong reducing agent, e.g., sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate sold as Formosul or Rongalite C) followed by steaming. During steaming, the dyes in the design portion are reduced and become colorless (white discharge). Alternately, suitable dyes that are stable to the reducing agent may be added in the printing paste, which gets fixed during steaming in the discharged areas (color discharge).
Dyes and their application
Published in Michael Hann, Textile Design, 2020
Common terms used in textile printing include discharge printing, resist printing, duplex printing, warp printing, flock printing and devoré (or burn-out) printing. Discharge printing is a term used to refer to the removal (or discharge) of dye from areas of a previously piece-dyed cloth, often after printing these areas with a bleaching paste of some kind. Resist printing is when a resisting substance is applied to a cloth during printing in advance of placing the cloth in a dye bath. The dye will be resisted in those areas printed previously with the resisting substance. Resist forms of colouring cloths are explained in chapter 8 of this present book. Duplex printing is when a design is printed on both sides of a cloth. Often the designs are the same and may appear to have resulted from weaving rather than printing. This method is very expensive and, by the early-twenty-first century, had fallen out of common use worldwide. With warp printing the warp yarns are printed (often using flat-bed screen printing) prior to weaving. This is exceedingly expensive, though costs are lowered if transfer printing of warps is used. The resultant cloth is similar to a warp-ikat cloth (described in the chapter 8 of this present book). With flock printing, an adhesive is printed on the cloth. Short fibres are then sprinkled on the cloth and stick to those areas printed with the adhesive. A more luxurious method, involving the application of an electrostatic charge (which can help to orient the short fibres vertically), is an exceedingly expensive alternative. A system known as devoré or burn-out printing is when areas of fibres within the cloth are printed with chemicals, which remove/destroy fibres within these areas. Invariably, the resultant cloth is weakened. In craft forms of textiles, further enhancement of a printed-cloth surface may be through hand painting or airbrushing.
Application of Ozone in Stripping of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Reactive Dyes
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2020
Fariha Arooj, Nasir Ahmed, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh
Therefore, research workers have focused their attention finding environment friendly technologies targeting to replace chemical dominated Conventional Processes in textile industry (Agrawal 2005, 2005; Agrawal and Nierstrasz 2007; Arooj, Ahmad, and Chaudhry 2015; Arooj et al. 2014; El Shafie et al. 2009: Hareem et al. 2019; Perincek et al. 2008; Preša and Tavčer 2008; Arumugam 2005). Biological Stripping using white rot fungus is an emerging technology for the removal of color from woven dyed cotton fabric but a longer treatment time is required to achieve desired stripping levels (Chattah et al. 2014). Among different alternatives, ozone is an attractive substitute to conventional stripping methods due to its high oxidation potential (2.07 V) and working at low pH and temperature (Perincek et al., 2007b, Iglesias 2002; Roncero et al. 2003). Presently, Ozone is being fervently applied to decolorize textile effluents (Khan et al. 2010; Mehmet and Hasan 2002; Rizvi et al. 2013; Somensi et al. 2010), to bleach wood pulp (Ashori, Raverty, and Harun 2006; Gierer 1997; Govers, Homer, and Scheeff 1995: Kishimoto et al. 2003), and textiles (cotton, jute, angora rabbit and silk) (Arooj, Ahmad, and Chaudhry 2015; Arooj et al. 2014; Eren and Ozturk 2011, 2011; Perincek et al. 2007a, 2008, 2007b; Prabaharan et al. 2000; Prabaharan and Rao 2001; Sargunamani and Selvekumar 2006), reduction clearing of polyester fibers (Eren 2007; Eren and Anis 2009), and wash off of unfixed reactive dyes from cotton fabrics (Shaikh and Ahmad 2013; Shaikh, Ahmad, and Urooj 2010).Although ozone has been commonly used in the industrial applications; however, its use in color Stripping of faulty-dyed fabric is rare. Only a few researchers have used Ozone for the color Stripping of cotton fabric and ink-jet-printed fabric dyed with Reactive dyes and achieved desired color stripping results along with a significant reduction in COD of effluent (Eren, Gumus, and Eren 2016; Kicik and Eren 2017). It has also been used for the discharge printing of Reactive dyed cotton fabric (Yigit, Eren, and Eren 2018). However, this first of its kind detailed study discusses the effects of various process parameters (Ozone dose, pH, Ozone exposure time and dye concentration) on the overall performance of ozonation process of striping off cotton fabric dyed with four Reactive dyes. In this study, the color stripping efficiency of the process is measured in terms of lightness (L*), lightness difference (∆L*), and color difference (∆E*). The strength of Ozone Stripped fabric is also measured in terms of Degree of Polymerization (DP), Copper Number (CN), Tendering Factor (TF) and compared with the reference.